📚 被动语态完整笔记一、被动语态的核心公式被动语态 = be + 过去分词（done）核心规则：be 动词 体现时态、人称、数过去分词 永远不变主动变被动的步骤：把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语把主动句的谓语变成 be + 过去分词把主动句的主语变成 by + 宾语（可省略）主动：The cat ate the fish.被动：The fish was eaten by the cat.二、各时态的被动语态（完整版）1. 一般现在时结构示例中文am / is / are + doneThe room is cleaned every day.房间每天都被打扫。 These books are written in English.这些书是用英语写的。 I am paid well.我工资很高。否定： am/is/are + not + done疑问： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done?2. 一般过去时结构示例中文was / were + doneThe window was broken yesterday.窗户昨天被打碎了。 The letters were sent last week.信上周被寄出了。 I was told the news.有人告诉了我这个消息。否定： was/were + not + done疑问： Was/Were + 主语 + done?3. 一般将来时结构示例中文will be + doneThe work will be finished tomorrow.工作明天会被完成。am/is/are going to be + doneThe house is going to be sold.这房子将要被卖掉。am/is/are to be + done（较正式）The meeting is to be held next week.会议将于下周举行。否定： will not be done / is not going to be done疑问： Will + 主语 + be done?4. 过去将来时结构示例中文would be + doneHe said the work would be finished the next day.他说工作第二天会完成。was/were going to be + doneShe told me the car was going to be repaired.她告诉我车将被修理。⚠️ 注意： 过去将来时主要用于间接引语/宾语从句中，表示从过去看将来。5. 现在进行时结构示例中文am / is / are + being + doneThe bridge is being built.这座桥正在被修建。 The problem is being discussed now.这个问题正在被讨论。 The rooms are being cleaned.房间正在被打扫。否定： am/is/are + not + being done疑问： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being done?⚠️ 注意： 不要漏掉 being！这是进行时态的被动标志。6. 过去进行时结构示例中文was / were + being + doneThe road was being repaired when I passed.我经过时，这条路正在被修。 The dinner was being cooked when they arrived.他们到达时，晚餐正在被做。否定： was/were + not + being done疑问： Was/Were + 主语 + being done?⚠️ 注意： 进行时态（现在进行时、过去进行时）的被动语态，必须有 being，否则会变成一般时态。7. 现在完成时结构示例中文have / has + been + doneThe house has been sold.这房子已经被卖了。 The letters have been sent.信已经被寄出了。 He has been told the truth.他已经被告知了真相。否定： have/has + not + been done疑问： Have/Has + 主语 + been done?8. 过去完成时结构示例中文had + been + doneThe work had been finished before he arrived.在他到达之前，工作已经完成了。 She realized she had been cheated.她意识到自己被骗了。否定： had + not + been done疑问： Had + 主语 + been done?9. 将来完成时结构示例中文will have + been + doneThe project will have been completed by next year.这个项目明年之前将已完成。 All the food will have been eaten by the time we arrive.我们到达时，所有食物都将已经被吃完了。否定： will not have been done疑问： Will + 主语 + have been done?10. 过去将来完成时结构示例中文would have + been + doneHe said the project would have been completed by the end of that year.他说项目在那年年底之前将已完成。⚠️ 注意： 这一时态非常少见，主要用于间接引语。三、被动语态所有时态总结表时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are + doneIt is made in China.一般过去时was/were + doneIt was made in China.一般将来时will be + doneIt will be made in China.过去将来时would be + doneHe said it would be made in China.现在进行时am/is/are being + doneIt is being made now.过去进行时was/were being + doneIt was being made then.现在完成时have/has been + doneIt has been made.过去完成时had been + doneIt had been made before I arrived.将来完成时will have been + doneIt will have been made by next week.过去将来完成时would have been + doneHe said it would have been made by then.四、情态动词的被动语态（完整版）核心公式：情态动词 + be + 过去分词（现在/将来）情态动词 + have been + 过去分词（过去）情态动词 + be being + 过去分词（进行）情态动词 + have been being + 过去分词（完成进行，极少用）1. 情态动词 + be + done（现在/将来被动）情态动词结构示例中文cancan be doneThis work can be done in one day.这项工作一天内能完成。couldcould be doneThe problem could be solved.这个问题能被解决。maymay be doneHe may be invited to the party.他可能会被邀请参加派对。mightmight be doneThe plan might be changed.这个计划可能会被改变。mustmust be doneThe letter must be sent today.这封信今天必须被寄出。shouldshould be doneThe room should be cleaned.房间应该被打扫。ought toought to be doneThe work ought to be finished soon.这项工作应该尽快完成。shallshall be doneThe rules shall be followed.规则将被遵守。willwill be doneThe house will be built next year.房子明年将被建造。wouldwould be doneHe said it would be done.他说这事会被完成。needneed be doneNeed the report be written today?报告需要今天写吗？（情态动词用法，少见）daredare be doneDare the truth be told?敢说出真相吗？（少见）⚠️ 注意： ought to 的被动是 ought to be done，不要漏掉 to。2. 情态动词 + have been + done（过去被动）表示 “过去一定/可能/本应该被……”情态动词结构示例中文cancan have been doneIt can have been done by him.这可能是他做的。（少见）couldcould have been doneThe work could have been done better.这项工作本可以做得更好。maymay have been doneThe letter may have been lost.这封信可能已经被弄丢了。mightmight have been doneThe plan might have been canceled.这个计划可能已经被取消了。mustmust have been doneThe door must have been locked.门一定被锁上了。shouldshould have been doneThe work should have been done yesterday.这项工作昨天本应该完成的。ought toought to have been doneThe letter ought to have been sent earlier.这封信本应该早点寄出的。wouldwould have been doneThe house would have been sold if the price was lower.如果价格更低，房子早就被卖了。needn'tneedn't have been doneThe task needn't have been done so early.这项任务本不必那么早做完的。3. 情态动词 + be being + done（进行被动）表示 “一定/可能/应该正在被……”情态动词结构示例中文cancan be being doneThe room can be being cleaned now.房间现在可能正在被打扫。（少见）couldcould be being doneThe bridge could be being repaired now.这座桥现在可能正在被修。maymay be being doneThe problem may be being discussed now.这个问题现在可能正在被讨论。mightmight be being doneThe house might be being painted.这房子可能正在被粉刷。mustmust be being doneThe road must be being repaired now.这条路现在一定正在被修。shouldshould be being doneThe work should be being done now.这项工作现在应该正在被做。⚠️ 注意： 情态动词 + be being done 结构虽然正确，但在实际使用中很少见，因为太啰嗦，通常会被更简单的表达替代。4. 情态动词 + have been being + done（完成进行被动）表示 “一定/可能一直正在被……”结构示例中文must have been being doneThe house must have been being built for years.这房子一定已经建了好多年了。⚠️ 注意： 这种结构极其罕见，几乎只在语法书上出现。实际英语中不会使用，因为太累赘了。通常会用主动语态或其他表达方式替代。五、情态动词被动语态完整总结表按时间分类：时间结构示例中文现在/将来情态动词 + be + doneIt must be done.它必须被做。过去情态动词 + have been + doneIt must have been done.它一定已经被做了。进行（现在）情态动词 + be being + doneIt must be being done.它一定正在被做。进行（过去）情态动词 + have been being + doneIt must have been being done.它一定一直在被做。（极少用）按情态动词分类（完整版）：情态动词现在/将来被动过去被动进行被动cancan be donecan have been donecan be being donecouldcould be donecould have been donecould be being donemaymay be donemay have been donemay be being donemightmight be donemight have been donemight be being donemustmust be donemust have been donemust be being doneshouldshould be doneshould have been doneshould be being doneought toought to be doneought to have been doneought to be being doneshallshall be doneshall have been doneshall be being donewillwill be donewill have been donewill be being donewouldwould be donewould have been donewould be being doneneedneed be doneneed have been doneneed be being donedaredare be donedare have been donedare be being done六、被动语态常见考点与易错点易错①：漏掉 being错误 ❌正确 ✅原因The house is built now.The house is being built now.进行时态被动必须有 beingThe road was repaired when I passed.The road was being repaired when I passed.进行时态被动必须有 being易错②：need doing 与被动语态的混淆结构含义示例need doing需要被做（主动形式表被动）The car needs repairing.need to be done需要被做（标准被动）The car needs to be repaired.两者意思相同，need doing 更口语化。易错③：不及物动词没有被动语态动词是否有被动说明happen❌ 无被动The accident happened.（不能说 was happened）occur❌ 无被动An idea occurred to me.rise❌ 无被动The sun rose.（不能说 was risen）arrive❌ 无被动They arrived.（不能说 were arrived）sleep❌ 无被动She slept.（不能说 was slept）易错④：双宾语动词的被动主动被动（两种方式）He gave me a book.① I was given a book. ✅ ② A book was given to me. ✅两种被动都正确，但人作主语更常用。易错⑤：感官动词和使役动词的被动主动被动说明I saw him leave.He was seen to leave.感官动词被动后，不定式要加 toShe made him cry.He was made to cry.使役动词被动后，不定式要加 to七、被动语态使用场景场景说明示例动作执行者不明不知道是谁做的My car was stolen.动作执行者不重要谁做的无所谓The bridge was built in 1990.强调动作的承受者受动者比施动者重要The wounded soldier was sent to the hospital.正式文体/科技写作更客观、更正式The experiment was conducted in 2020.礼貌/避免直接指责不直接说“你错了”The work was not done properly.八、被动语态记忆口诀被动语态要记牢，be + 过去分词少不了。时态体现在 be 上，过去分词永不变。进行时态加 being，完成时态加 been。情态动词后接 be，过去被动 have been。不及物动词无被动，双宾语两种都可行。九、完整例句汇总时态主动被动一般现在时He cleans the room.The room is cleaned.一般过去时He cleaned the room.The room was cleaned.一般将来时He will clean the room.The room will be cleaned.过去将来时He said he would clean it.He said it would be cleaned.现在进行时He is cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned.过去进行时He was cleaning the room.The room was being cleaned.现在完成时He has cleaned the room.The room has been cleaned.过去完成时He had cleaned the room.The room had been cleaned.将来完成时He will have cleaned it.It will have been cleaned.情态动词主动被动canHe can clean it.It can be cleaned.mustHe must clean it.It must be cleaned.shouldHe should clean it.It should be cleaned.mayHe may clean it.It may be cleaned.could (过去)He could have cleaned it.It could have been cleaned.must (过去)He must have cleaned it.It must have been cleaned.should (过去)He should have cleaned it.It should have been cleaned.
第1句原文：We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.中文翻译： 我们刚刚搬进了一所新房子，我整个上午一直在努力工作。成分内容说明主语①We 谓语①have just moved现在完成时状语into a new house 连词and 主语②I 谓语②have been working现在完成进行时状语hard all morning 时态解析：动词时态时间线have just moved现在完成时刚刚搬完（过去的动作对现在有影响）have been working现在完成进行时从早上一直到现在，一直在干活（强调持续性和累）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have just moved刚刚搬了just 常与现在完成时连用have been working一直在工作现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能还在进行all morning整个上午时间状语现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时：时态例句侧重点现在完成时I have moved into a new house.强调结果：搬完了现在完成进行时I have been working all morning.强调过程：一直在做，很累第2句原文：I have been trying to get my new room in order.中文翻译： 我一直在努力把我的新房间整理好。成分内容说明主语I 谓语have been trying现在完成进行时宾语to get my new room in order不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明have been trying现在完成进行时一直在努力尝试（强调动作的持续性和付出）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have been trying一直在尝试现在完成进行时，强调“反复/持续的努力”get...in order把……整理好/归置好固定短语in order整齐/有条理介词短语作宾补第3句原文：This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.中文翻译： 这并不容易，因为我有上千本书。成分内容说明主语This指代“整理房间”这件事谓语has not been现在完成时（否定）表语easy 原因状语从句because I own over a thousand books一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明has not been现在完成时到目前为止（这件事）一直不容易own一般现在时拥有（现在的状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明has not been easy一直不容易现在完成时，表示从过去到现在一直如此own拥有及物动词，= haveover a thousand超过一千over = more than第4句原文：To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.中文翻译： 更糟的是，房间相当小，所以我暂时把书放在了地板上。成分内容说明插入语To make matters worse更糟的是（固定短语）主语the room 系动词is一般现在时表语rather small 连词so所以主语I 谓语have temporarily put现在完成时宾语my books 状语on the floor 时态解析：动词时态说明is一般现在时房间小（现在的事实）have put现在完成时已经放了（过去的动作，对现在的影响是书现在在地板上）词法点：词组/单词用法说明To make matters worse更糟的是固定插入语（使情况更糟的是）rather相当副词，修饰 smalltemporarily暂时地副词，修饰 puthave put放了put 的过去分词（put-put-put）第5句原文：At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.中文翻译： 此刻，它们占据了地板的每一寸空间，我实际上得踩着它们进出房间。成分内容说明状语At the moment此刻主语①they指 books谓语①cover一般现在时宾语every inch of floor space 连词and 主语②I 谓语②have to walk一般现在时（情态动词）状语on them 目的状语to get in or out of the room 时态解析：动词时态说明cover一般现在时现在占据（当前状态）have to walk一般现在时（情态动词）现在必须得走词法点：词组/单词用法说明At the moment此刻/目前现在时间状语cover覆盖/占据及物动词every inch of每一寸……强调“全部”floor space地板空间/面积space = 空间have to不得不情态动词，表示客观需要get in or out of进出get in = 进入；get out of = 离开第6句原文：A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.中文翻译： 不久之前，我姐姐帮我搬了一个旧书柜上楼。成分内容说明时间状语A short while ago不久之前主语my sister 谓语helped一般过去时宾语me 宾补to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明helped一般过去时帮助（过去动作），ago 是过去时标志词法点：词组/单词用法说明A short while ago不久之前过去时间状语helped me to carry帮我搬help + 人 + (to) do（to 可以省略）one of my old bookcases我的一个旧书柜one of + 复数名词up the stairs上楼介词短语作方向状语第7句原文：She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.中文翻译： 她进了我的房间，当看到地板上那么多书时，她大吃一惊。成分内容说明谓语①went一般过去时状语into my room 连词and 谓语②got一般过去时宾语a big surprise 时间状语从句when she saw all those books on the floor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明went一般过去时进去（过去动作）got一般过去时得到（过去动作）saw一般过去时看到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明went into进入go into = 走进got a big surprise大吃一惊get + a surprise = 感到惊讶when当……时引导时间状语从句all those books所有那些书指示形容词 those + 复数名词第8句原文：'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.中文翻译： “这是我所见过的最漂亮的地毯，”她说。成分内容说明直接引语This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen 插入语she said一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线is一般现在时现在是（直接引语中描述当前）have ever seen现在完成时到目前为止所见过的said一般过去时她说（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明the prettiest最漂亮的最高级I have ever seen我所见过的定语从句，修饰 carpetever曾经用于现在完成时的疑问句或最高级中定语从句：the prettiest carpet (that) I have ever seen= 我所见过的最漂亮的地毯that 在从句中作 seen 的宾语，可以省略。第9句原文：She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'中文翻译： 她凝视了一会儿，然后补充道：“你根本不需要书柜。你可以在空闲时间坐在这里读地毯！”成分内容说明谓语①gazed一般过去时状语at it for some time 谓语②added一般过去时直接引语'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!' 时态解析：动词时态说明gazed一般过去时凝视（过去动作）added一般过去时补充说（过去动作）don't need一般现在时不需要（现在状态）can sit一般现在时（情态动词）可以坐（现在/将来的可能性）词法点：词组/单词用法说明gazed at凝视gaze at = 盯着看（长时间）for some time一会儿/一段时间时间状语added补充说add = 补充/接着说at all根本加强否定语气in your spare time在空闲时间spare time = 业余时间read the carpet读地毯幽默说法（指书都摊在地上像地毯一样）课文的幽默点：作者有上千本书，房间太小放不下，只能暂时堆在地板上姐姐看到满地的书，说这是“最漂亮的地毯”她又补了一句：“你连书柜都不用买了，有空坐这儿‘读地毯’就行。”这是一种打趣的说法——书太多了，踩在脚下，像地毯一样，但“读地毯”又暗指书本来就是用来读的📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态时间线have just moved现在完成时刚搬完（过去→现在）have been working现在完成进行时一直在工作（持续到现在）have been trying现在完成进行时一直在尝试（持续到现在）has not been现在完成时一直不容易（过去→现在）own一般现在时现在拥有is一般现在时现在状态have temporarily put现在完成时已经放了（过去→现在）cover / have to walk一般现在时当前状态helped / went / got / saw / gazed / added / said一般过去时过去的动作is / don't need / can sit一般现在时直接引语中的现在状态have ever seen现在完成时到目前为止所见过的📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义move into搬进have been doing一直在做……get...in order把……整理好in order整齐/有条理over a thousand超过一千To make matters worse更糟的是at the moment此刻/目前every inch of每一寸……floor space地板面积/空间have to不得不a short while ago不久之前help sb (to) do帮某人做某事up the stairs上楼get a surprise大吃一惊gaze at凝视for some time一会儿at all根本（用于否定）in one's spare time在空闲时间🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 现在完成时have just moved / have put / have ever seen过去动作对现在有影响② 现在完成进行时have been working / have been trying从过去持续到现在的动作，强调过程③ 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时对比：have been trying / helped现在完成时→持续到现在；一般过去时→纯过去动作④ 最高级 + 完成时the prettiest carpet I have ever seen最高级后常接现在完成时⑤ 定语从句省略the carpet I have ever seen关系代词作宾语时可省略
第1句原文：I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.中文翻译： 我喜欢在乡间旅行，但不喜欢迷路。成分内容说明主语I 谓语①love一般现在时宾语travelling in the country动名词短语连词but 谓语②don't like一般现在时（否定）宾语losing my way动名词短语时态解析：动词时态说明love一般现在时现在的喜好（状态）don't like一般现在时现在的不喜欢（状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明love / like + doing喜欢做某事后接动名词，表示一种习惯或爱好travelling in the country在乡间旅行in the country = 在乡下/农村losing my way迷路lose one's way = 迷路（固定短语）第2句原文：I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.中文翻译： 我最近去远足了一次，但这趟行程花的时间比我预想的要长。成分内容说明谓语①went一般过去时宾语on an excursion 状语recently 连词but 主语②my trip 谓语②took一般过去时宾语me 补语longer than I expected比较状语时态解析：动词时态说明went一般过去时去了（过去动作）took一般过去时花了（过去动作）expected一般过去时预想（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明went on an excursion去远足excursion = 短途旅行/远足recently最近常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用took me longer花了我更长时间take + 人 + 时间 = 花了某人多少时间than I expected比我预期的than 引导比较状语从句第3句原文：'I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, 'but I don't know where it is.'中文翻译： “我要去伍德福德格林，”我上车时对售票员说，“但我不知道它在哪儿。”成分内容说明直接引语①I'm going to Woodford Green 插入语I said to the conductor一般过去时时间状语从句as I got on the bus一般过去时直接引语②but I don't know where it is 时态解析：动词时态时间线'm going现在进行时（表将来）按计划要去（将来）said一般过去时说（过去动作）got on一般过去时上车（过去动作）don't know一般现在时现在不知道（状态）is一般现在时它在哪儿（当前事实）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'm going to要去现在进行时表将来（计划好的事）Woodford Green伍德福德格林地名（伦敦附近）conductor售票员公共汽车上的售票员as I got on当我上车时as = 当……的时候where it is它在哪儿间接疑问句，用陈述语序第4句原文：'I'll tell you where to get off,' answered the conductor.中文翻译： “我会告诉你在哪儿下车，”售票员回答道。成分内容说明直接引语I'll tell you where to get off 插入语answered the conductor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线'll tell一般将来时将来的动作（承诺）answered一般过去时回答（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'll tell you我会告诉你will 表将来（承诺/自愿）where to get off在哪里下车疑问词 + 不定式 结构，简化宾语从句answered回答道说话人的动作where to get off = where you should get off疑问词 + 不定式 是英语中常见的简练写法，相当于一个完整的宾语从句。第5句原文：I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.中文翻译： 我坐在公共汽车的前部，以便好好欣赏乡间的景色。成分内容说明主语I 谓语sat一般过去时状语in the front of the bus 目的状语to get a good view of the countryside不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明sat一般过去时坐（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明in the front of在……前部（内部）强调“在车厢内部的前面”in front of在……前面（外部）强调“在物体外部的前面”to get a good view为了获得好的视野不定式作目的状语view of the countryside乡间的景色view = 视野/景色第6句原文：After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.中文翻译： 过了一会儿，公共汽车停了下来。我环顾四周，震惊地意识到，车上只剩下我一个乘客了。成分内容说明状语After some time 谓语①stopped一般过去时主语I 状语Looking round现在分词短语作状语谓语②realized一般过去时状语with a shock 宾语从句that I was the only passenger left on the bus 时态解析：动词时态时间线stopped一般过去时车停了（过去动作）Looking round现在分词（作状语）环顾四周（伴随动作）realized一般过去时意识到（过去动作）was一般过去时是（过去状态）left过去分词（作定语）剩下（修饰 passenger）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After some time过了一会儿时间状语Looking round环顾四周现在分词作伴随状语with a shock震惊地介词短语作状语the only passenger left唯一剩下的乘客left 是过去分词作定语on the bus在公交车上介词短语作地点状语分词作状语：Looking round, I realized...Looking round 是背景动作，提供场景，和主句动作几乎同时发生。第7句原文：'You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.'中文翻译： “你必须在这儿下车了，”售票员说。“我们最远就到这儿了。”成分内容说明直接引语①You'll have to get off here 插入语the conductor said一般过去时直接引语②This is as far as we go 时态解析：动词时态时间线'll have to一般将来时将不得不（即将发生的动作）said一般过去时说（过去动作）is一般现在时是（当前状态）go一般现在时开到（当前路线）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'll have to将不得不will have to = 必须（将来）get off下车固定短语as far as we go我们最远到这儿as far as = 远到……为止，表示“终点到了”第8句原文：'Is this Woodford Green?' I asked.中文翻译： “这是伍德福德格林吗？”我问道。成分内容说明直接引语Is this Woodford Green?一般疑问句插入语I asked一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明asked一般过去时问（过去动作）第9句原文：'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.'中文翻译： “哎呀，”售票员突然说。“我忘了让你下车了。”成分内容说明感叹词Oh dear 插入语said the conductor suddenly一般过去时直接引语②I forgot to put you off 时态解析：动词时态时间线said一般过去时说（过去动作）forgot一般过去时忘了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Oh dear哎呀/天哪英式口语感叹词（惊讶/懊恼）suddenly突然地副词forgot to put you off忘了让你下车forget to do = 忘记做某事；put off = 让……下车forget to do vs forget doing：结构含义示例forget to do忘记做某事（该做没做）I forgot to put you off.forget doing忘记做过某事（做过但不记得）I forgot putting you off.第10句原文：'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.'中文翻译： “没关系，”我说。“我就在这儿下车。”成分内容说明直接引语①It doesn't matter 插入语I said一般过去时直接引语②I'll get off here 时态解析：动词时态说明doesn't matter一般现在时没关系（当前态度）said一般过去时说（过去动作）'ll get off一般将来时将下车（即将发生的动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明It doesn't matter没关系固定短语get off下车固定短语第11句原文：'We're going back now,' said the conductor.中文翻译： “我们现在要返回了，”售票员说。成分内容说明直接引语We're going back now 插入语said the conductor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明're going back现在进行时（表将来）即将返回（按计划）said一般过去时说（过去动作）第12句（结尾句）原文：'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.中文翻译： “好吧，那样的话，我宁愿待在车上，”我回答道。成分内容说明直接引语Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus 插入语I answered一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明prefer一般现在时宁愿（当前的选择）answered一般过去时回答（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Well好吧语气词in that case既然那样/那样的话固定短语prefer to stay宁愿待着prefer to do = 宁愿做某事stay on the bus留在车上stay on = 不离开📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态时间线love / don't like一般现在时现在的喜好went / took / expected一般过去时过去的动作'm going现在进行时（表将来）按计划要去got on / said一般过去时过去的动作'll tell一般将来时将来的承诺sat一般过去时过去的动作stopped / realized / was一般过去时过去的动作/状态Looking round现在分词（作状语）背景动作'll have to一般将来时将来的义务asked / said / forgot一般过去时过去的动作doesn't matter一般现在时现在的态度'll get off一般将来时即将发生的动作're going back现在进行时（表将来）按计划要返回prefer / answered一般现在时 / 一般过去时现在的选择 / 过去动作📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义travelling in the country在乡间旅行losing my way迷路went on an excursion去远足took me longer than I expected花的时间比我预期的长got on the bus上车get off下车in the front of在……前部（内部）get a good view of好好欣赏……的景色After some time过了一会儿Looking round环顾四周with a shock震惊地the only passenger left唯一剩下的乘客as far as we go我们最远到这儿put sb off让某人下车It doesn't matter没关系in that case既然那样/那样的话prefer to do宁愿做某事stay on the bus留在车上🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 现在进行时表将来I'm going / We're going back按计划即将发生的将来动作② 分词作状语Looking round, I realized...现在分词表示伴随动作，为句子提供背景③ 疑问词 + 不定式where to get off简化宾语从句的简练写法④ forget to doI forgot to put you off忘记做某事（该做但没做）⑤ 过去分词作定语the only passenger leftleft = 剩下的，放在名词后作定语
第1句原文：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.中文翻译： 因为厌倦了睡在地板上，德黑兰的一个年轻人攒了好几年的钱，去买一张真正的床。成分内容说明原因状语（分词短语）Tired of sleeping on the floor过去分词短语作状语主语a young man in Teheran德黑兰的一个年轻人谓语saved up一般过去时状语for years数年目的状语to buy a real bed不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明saved up一般过去时攒钱（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Tired of sleeping on the floor厌倦了睡在地板上过去分词短语作原因状语save up攒钱/储蓄固定短语for years好几年时间短语to buy为了买不定式作目的状语a real bed一张真正的床real = 真正的（不是简易的）分词作状语（重点！）：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up...原句可还原为：Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up...逻辑：主系表结构，省略了主语 he 和系动词 was，直接保留表语 Tired 作状语。Tired 是过去分词（作形容词），表示“感到疲倦/厌倦的”与主语 a young man 是被动/状态关系（他处于“厌倦”的状态）所以用过去分词 Tired，不用现在分词 Tiring第2句原文：For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.中文翻译： 他有生以来第一次，成为了一张带弹簧和床垫的床的骄傲主人。成分内容说明状语For the first time in his life有生以来第一次主语he 谓语became一般过去时表语the proud owner of a bed名词短语定语从句which had springs and a mattress一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明became一般过去时成为（过去动作）had一般过去时有（定语从句，过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明For the first time in his life他有生以来第一次时间状语became成为become 的过去式（不规则动词）the proud owner of……的骄傲主人proud = 自豪的which had springs and a mattress有弹簧和床垫的定语从句修饰 bedsprings弹簧可数名词复数mattress床垫可数名词定语从句：a bed which had springs and a mattress= 一张有弹簧和床垫的床which 在从句中作主语，不能省略。第3句原文：Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.中文翻译： 因为天气非常热，他把床搬到了他家的屋顶上。成分内容说明原因状语从句Because the weather was very hot一般过去时主语he 谓语carried一般过去时宾语the bed 状语on to the roof of his house到屋顶上时态解析：动词时态说明was一般过去时天气热（过去状态）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Because因为引导原因状语从句carried搬/抬carry 的过去式on to到……上面表示“移动到……上面”（= onto）the roof屋顶可数名词on to vs onto：on to = 到……上面（强调移动的方向）onto = 同上，现代英语中更常用本句用 on to，两者都可以。第4句原文：He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.中文翻译： 头两个晚上他睡得很好，但在第三天晚上，一场暴风雨突然来临。成分内容说明主语He 谓语①slept一般过去时状语very well for the first two nights 连词but 时间状语on the third night 主语②a storm 谓语②blew up一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明slept一般过去时睡觉（过去动作）blew up一般过去时突然来临/爆发（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明slept very well睡得很好sleep well = 睡得好for the first two nights头两个晚上时间状语on the third night在第三天晚上具体某天晚上用 ona storm一场暴风雨可数名词blew up突然来临/爆发blow up 的过去式（此处指 storm 突然到来）blow up 的多种含义：含义示例突然来临（暴风雨）A storm blew up.爆炸The building blew up.放大（照片）Blow up the photo.发怒He blew up at me.第5句原文：A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.中文翻译： 一阵风把床从屋顶上刮了下来，把它摔到了下面的院子里。成分内容说明主语A gust of wind一阵风谓语①swept一般过去时宾语the bed 状语off the roof从屋顶上连词and 谓语②sent一般过去时宾语it 宾补crashing into the courtyard below现在分词作宾补时态解析：动词时态说明swept一般过去时刮走（过去动作）sent一般过去时使/送（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明A gust of wind一阵风gust = 一阵狂风swept刮走/席卷sweep 的过去式（不规则动词）off the roof从屋顶上off = 从……离开sent it crashing使它摔下去send + 宾语 + 现在分词（“使……以某种方式运动”）into the courtyard进入院子courtyard = 庭院/院子below在下面副词，作定语修饰 courtyardsend + 宾语 + 现在分词：sent it crashing into the courtyard= 使它摔进了院子crashing 是现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“以摔的方式”运动。第6句原文：The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.中文翻译： 那个年轻人直到床撞到地面才醒来。成分内容说明主语The young man 谓语did not wake up一般过去时（否定）时间状语从句until the bed had struck the ground过去完成时时态解析：动词时态时间线did not wake up一般过去时没有醒来（过去动作）had struck过去完成时撞击发生在 woke up 之前时间线：[bed had struck the ground] → [man woke up]（床先撞地） （人才醒来）词法点：词组/单词用法说明did not wake up没有醒来wake up = 醒来until直到……才引导时间状语从句had struck已经撞击了strike 的过去完成时（strike-struck-struck/stricken）the ground地面不可数名词not...until 结构（重点！）：He did not wake up until the bed struck the ground.= 他直到床撞到地面才醒来。注意：not...until 翻译为“直到……才……”。第7句原文：Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.中文翻译： 虽然床被摔得粉碎，但那个人奇迹般地没有受伤。成分内容说明让步状语从句Although the bed was smashed to pieces一般过去时被动主句the man was miraculously unhurt一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明was smashed一般过去时被动被摔碎（过去动作）was unhurt一般过去时没有受伤（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Although虽然连词，引导让步状语从句was smashed被摔碎/粉碎smash = 打碎/摔碎to pieces变成碎片固定短语miraculously奇迹般地副词，修饰 unhurtunhurt没有受伤的un- + hurt（否定前缀 + 过去分词作形容词）was smashed to pieces：= 被摔成了碎片to pieces = 变成碎片（结果状语）unhurt 的构词：hurt = 受伤的（过去分词作形容词）un- + hurt = unhurt = 没有受伤的第8句原文：When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.中文翻译： 当他醒来时，他仍然在床垫上。成分内容说明时间状语从句When he woke up一般过去时主句he was still on the mattress一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明woke up一般过去时醒来（过去动作）was一般过去时在（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明woke up醒来wake up 的过去式on the mattress在床垫上介词短语作表语第9句原文：Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.中文翻译： 瞥了一眼散落在四周的碎木块和金属碎片，那个人悲伤地捡起床垫，把它搬进了屋子。成分内容说明伴随状语（分词短语）Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him现在分词短语作状语主语the man 谓语①sadly picked up一般过去时宾语the mattress 连词and 谓语②carried it into his house一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明Glancing现在分词（作状语）瞥了一眼（伴随动作）lay一般过去时散落在（定语从句，过去状态）picked up一般过去时捡起（过去动作）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Glancing at瞥了一眼glance at = 匆匆看一眼the bits of wood and metal碎木块和金属碎片bit = 小块that lay around him散落在他周围的定语从句，修饰 bitslay位于/散落lie 的过去式（lie-lay-lain）sadly悲伤地副词，修饰 picked uppicked up捡起pick up = 拾起分词作状语：Glancing at the bits of wood and metal..., the man sadly picked up...现在分词 Glancing 作伴随状语，表示“他一边瞥了一眼碎片，一边捡起床垫”。主语 the man 是 glance 动作的发出者（主动关系），所以用现在分词。that lay around him：the bits of wood and metal that lay around him= 散落在他周围的碎木块和金属碎片lay 是 lie 的过去式（位于/散落），不是 laid（放置）。第10句（结尾句）原文：After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.中文翻译： 他把床垫放在地板上之后，立刻又睡着了。成分内容说明时间状语从句After he had put it on the floor过去完成时主句he promptly went to sleep again一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线had put过去完成时放床垫发生在 went 之前went一般过去时去睡觉（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After在……之后引导时间状语从句had put已经放了put 的过去完成时（put-put-put）on the floor在地板上介词短语作状语promptly立刻/迅速地副词，修饰 wentwent to sleep去睡觉/入睡go to sleep = 入睡（= fell asleep）课文的幽默点：他攒了好几年钱才买了张真正的床结果床被风刮到院子里摔碎了但他奇迹般地没有受伤最后他把床垫搬回屋里，放在地板上，又睡着了他折腾了一圈，最后还是睡在地板上（只是多了个床垫）——这就是 "The end of a dream"（美梦告终）📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用saved up一般过去时攒钱（过去动作）became一般过去时成为（过去动作）had (springs)一般过去时有（过去状态）was (hot)一般过去时天气热（过去状态）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）slept一般过去时睡觉（过去动作）blew up一般过去时突然来临（过去动作）swept一般过去时刮走（过去动作）sent一般过去时使（过去动作）did not wake up一般过去时（否定）没有醒来had struck过去完成时撞击发生在 wake up 之前was smashed一般过去时被动被摔碎was (unhurt)一般过去时没有受伤（状态）woke up一般过去时醒来（过去动作）was (on the mattress)一般过去时在床垫上（状态）glancing现在分词（作状语）瞥了一眼（伴随）lay一般过去时散落（过去状态）picked up / carried一般过去时捡起/搬（过去动作）had put过去完成时放床垫发生在 went 之前went to sleep一般过去时去睡觉（过去动作）📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义tired of厌倦了……save up攒钱/储蓄for the first time第一次proud owner of……的骄傲主人on to到……上面for the first two nights头两个晚上on the third night在第三天晚上blow up突然来临/爆发a gust of wind一阵风off the roof从屋顶上send + 宾语 + doing使……以某种方式运动not...until直到……才……to pieces变成碎片glance at瞥了一眼bits of碎片/小块around him在他周围pick up捡起go to sleep去睡觉/入睡promptly立刻/迅速地🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 分词作状语Tired of sleeping... / Glancing at the bits...过去分词表状态/原因，现在分词表伴随② 过去完成时until the bed had struck / After he had put it表示“过去的过去”③ 被动语态the bed was smashed to pieces过去时间点的被动动作④ not...untildid not wake up until the bed struck直到……才……⑤ send + 宾语 + doingsent it crashing into the courtyard使……以某种方式运动时态时间线全图：过去完成时 一般过去时 分词作状语 （过去的过去） （叙述过去动作） （背景动作） | | | [床撞地] → [醒来] → [床摔碎] → [瞥了一眼] → [捡起床垫] → [又睡了] had struck woke up was smashed glancing picked up went to sleep
新概念英语2 Lesson48 Did you want to tell me something?
第1句原文：Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer.中文翻译： 牙医总是在你不可能回答的时候问问题。成分内容说明主语Dentists牙医们（泛指）谓语ask一般现在时宾语questions问题时间状语从句when it is impossible for you to answer一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明ask一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性动作is一般现在时描述客观事实词法点：词组/单词用法说明always总是频率副词，放在动词前面when当……的时候引导时间状语从句it is impossible for you to answer你不可能回答固定句型：It is + 形容词 + for sb + to doanswer回答此处作不及物动词（不加宾语）it is + 形容词 + for sb to do 结构：It is impossible for you to answer.= 对你来说，回答是不可能的。it = 形式主语（真正主语是不定式 to answer）课文的幽默：牙医总是在你嘴里塞满棉花、无法开口的时候问问题，而且你还得努力做出回应——这本身就很好笑。第2句原文：My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while.中文翻译： 我的牙医刚刚拔掉了我的一颗牙，并告诉我要休息一会儿。成分内容说明主语My dentist我的牙医状语just刚刚谓语①had pulled out过去完成时宾语one of my teeth我的一颗牙连词and 谓语②had told过去完成时宾语me 宾补to rest for a while不定式短语时态解析：动词时态时间线had pulled out过去完成时拔牙——发生在叙述时间点之前had told过去完成时告诉——发生在叙述时间点之前为什么用过去完成时？整篇课文是在回忆过去在诊所里发生的事。拔牙和嘱咐都发生在那个时间点之前，所以用过去完成时。词法点：词组/单词用法说明had just pulled out刚刚拔掉pull out = 拔出（牙齿）one of my teeth我的一颗牙tooth 的复数是 teethhad told me to rest告诉我要休息tell + 人 + 不定式for a while一会儿时间短语第3句原文：I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool.中文翻译： 我试图说些什么，但我的嘴里塞满了棉球。成分内容说明主语I 谓语①tried一般过去时宾语to say something不定式短语连词but但是主语②my mouth 谓语②was full of一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明tried一般过去时试图（过去动作）was full of一般过去时充满（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明tried to say试图说try to do = 努力尝试something一些话/什么事肯定句用 somethingbe full of充满……固定短语cotton wool药棉/棉球不可数名词第4句原文：He knew I collected match boxes and asked me whether my collection was growing.中文翻译： 他知道我收集火柴盒，并问我的收藏是否在不断增加。成分内容说明主语He 谓语①knew一般过去时宾语从句①(that) I collected match boxes一般过去时连词and 谓语②asked一般过去时间接宾语me 宾语从句②whether my collection was growing过去进行时时态解析：动词时态说明knew一般过去时他知道（过去状态）collected一般过去时我收集（过去习惯/事实）asked一般过去时他问（过去动作）was growing过去进行时正在增长（强调“当时正在”增加）词法点：词组/单词用法说明knew知道know 的过去式collected收集过去时match boxes火柴盒复数asked me whether问我是否……ask + 人 + whether/if 从句my collection我的收藏collection = 收藏品（可数名词）was growing在增长过去进行时第5句原文：He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London.中文翻译： 然后他问我兄弟怎么样，以及我是否喜欢在伦敦的新工作。成分内容说明状语then然后主语He 谓语asked一般过去时间接宾语me 宾语从句①how my brother was一般过去时连词and 宾语从句②whether I liked my new job in London一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明asked一般过去时他问（过去动作）was一般过去时兄弟当时怎么样（过去状态）liked一般过去时我喜欢（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明asked me how问我（怎么样）ask + 人 + how 从句my brother was我兄弟怎么样陈述语序（不是 how was my brother）whether I liked我是否喜欢whether 引导宾语从句in London在伦敦介词短语作定语，修饰 job间接疑问句语序（重要！）：直接问：How is your brother?间接问：how my brother was.（陈述语序）❌ He asked me how was my brother.✅ He asked me how my brother was.第6句原文：In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises.中文翻译： 作为对这些问题的回答，我要么点头，要么发出奇怪的声音。成分内容说明状语In answer to these questions作为回答主语I 谓语①nodded一般过去时连词either...or...要么……要么……谓语②made一般过去时宾语strange noises奇怪的声音时态解析：动词时态说明nodded一般过去时点头（过去动作）made一般过去时发出（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明In answer to作为对……的回答固定短语these questions这些问题指牙医问的那些问题either nodded or made要么点头，要么发出either...or... 连接两个并列谓语strange noises奇怪的声音noise = 声音/噪音第7句原文：Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.中文翻译： 与此同时，我的舌头正忙着寻找那颗牙原来的洞。成分内容说明状语Meanwhile与此同时主语my tongue我的舌头谓语was busy searching out过去进行时宾语the hole那个洞定语从句where the tooth had been过去完成时（修饰 hole）时态解析：动词时态时间线was busy过去进行时忙着（强调当时的状态）searching out现在分词与 was busy 搭配：be busy doinghad been过去完成时牙齿原本在的地方词法点：词组/单词用法说明Meanwhile与此同时副词，表示两个动作同时发生was busy searching out正忙着寻找be busy + doing（固定搭配）search out寻找/找出强调“努力搜寻并定位到”the hole那个洞牙拔掉后留下的洞where the tooth had been那颗牙原先所在的地方where 引导定语从句，修饰 holebe busy doing：✅ I am busy working.❌ I am busy to work.search out 的精髓：search out = 费劲巴拉地“翻出来/找出来”，强调通过努力找到了。对比：look for 只强调动作（不一定找到），find 强调结果，search out = 费劲找到了。定语从句 where the tooth had been：the hole where the tooth had been= 那颗牙原先在的那个洞where = 在那里（关系副词，作地点状语）不能用 which，因为从句不缺主语或宾语，缺的是“在那里”。为什么是定语从句不是宾语从句？where the tooth had been 修饰的是前面的名词 hole，给它加标签——“那颗牙原先在的”（洞）。所以是定语从句。where 能不能省略？❌ 不能。关系副词 where/when/why 在定语从句中永远不能省略。第8句原文：I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything.中文翻译： 我突然感到非常担心，但又什么也说不出来。成分内容说明主语I 状语suddenly突然谓语①felt一般过去时表语very worried形容词连词but但是谓语②could not say一般过去时（情态动词否定）宾语anything任何话时态解析：动词时态说明felt一般过去时感到（过去状态变化）could not say一般过去时（情态动词）无法说词法点：词组/单词用法说明suddenly突然地副词felt worried感到担心feel + 形容词（系动词）could not say无法说could not + 动词原形anything任何话否定句中用 anything第9句（结尾句）原文：When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.中文翻译： 当牙医最后把棉球从我嘴里取出时，我才能够告诉他，他拔错了牙。成分内容说明时间状语从句When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth一般过去时主句I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth一般过去时 + 过去完成时时态解析：动词时态时间线removed一般过去时牙医取出棉球（过去动作）was able to tell一般过去时我才能够告诉（强调“终于成功”了）had pulled out过去完成时拔牙发生在 tell 之前（过去的过去）时间线：[dentist had pulled out wrong tooth] → [dentist removed cotton] → [I was able to tell]（先拔错了） （后取出棉球） （最后才说出）词法点：词组/单词用法说明at last终于/最后副词短语removed取出/移走remove = 移开from my mouth从我嘴里介词短语作状语was able to tell才/能够告诉强调“终于成功说出来了”had pulled out拔了（错误的牙）过去完成时（在 tell 之前发生）the wrong tooth错误的牙wrong = 错误的was able to 与 could 的区别：I was able to tell him = 我终于成功告诉他了（强调结果）I could tell him = 我能够告诉他（不强调是否真的说了）课文的幽默点：牙医拔完牙后悠闲地聊了一堆家常作者嘴里塞满棉花，只能点头或发出怪声最后棉球取出来，作者说：“你拔错牙了！”标题 "Did you want to tell me something?" 的妙处就在于此——牙医一直问他想说什么📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用ask一般现在时习惯性动作had pulled out过去完成时在叙述时间之前已拔牙had told过去完成时在叙述时间之前已告诉tried一般过去时试图was full of一般过去时充满（状态）knew一般过去时知道（状态）collected一般过去时收集（习惯）asked一般过去时问（动作）was growing过去进行时正在增长was (how my brother was)一般过去时兄弟怎么样liked一般过去时喜欢（状态）nodded / made一般过去时点头/发出was busy searching过去进行时正忙着找had been过去完成时牙齿原来在felt一般过去时感到could not say一般过去时（情态动词）无法说removed一般过去时取出was able to tell一般过去时成功告诉（强调结果）had pulled out过去完成时在 tell 之前已拔牙📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义it is impossible for sb to do某人不可能做某事pull out拔出one of + 复数名词……之一rest for a while休息一会儿try to do试图做某事be full of充满……cotton wool棉球/药棉match boxes火柴盒in answer to作为对……的回答either...or...要么……要么……be busy doing忙着做某事search out努力搜寻并找到at last终于/最后remove from从……取出was able to do成功做到了the wrong tooth错误的牙/拔错了牙🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时had pulled out / had told / had been / had pulled out (wrong tooth)表示“过去的过去”② 过去进行时my collection was growing / my tongue was busy searching强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作③ 间接疑问句语序how my brother was（不是 how was my brother）宾语从句用陈述语序④ be busy doingwas busy searching out忙着做某事（固定搭配）⑤ was able toI was able to tell him强调“成功做到了”⑥ where 定语从句the hole where the tooth had beenwhere = 在那里（关系副词，作状语，不能省略）
第1句原文：A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale.中文翻译： 伊恩·汤普森先生最近买下的一家酒店现在要出售了。成分内容说明主语A public house一家酒店/酒吧定语从句which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson一般过去时被动谓语is up for sale一般现在时时态解析：动词时态时间线was bought一般过去时被动买下（过去动作）is up for sale一般现在时现在待售（当前状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明public house酒馆/酒吧英式英语，常缩写为 pubwhich was recently bought最近被买下的定语从句，修饰 public housewas bought by被……买下被动语态 + by + 施动者recently最近常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用is up for sale待售/出售中固定短语定语从句：A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson= 被伊恩·汤普森先生最近买下的一家酒店which 在从句中作主语（被买的是房子），不能省略。up for sale 的用法：be up for sale = 待售（放在市场上卖）for sale = 待售（通用）on sale = 打折出售（美式）第2句原文：Mr. Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted.中文翻译： 汤普森先生打算把它卖掉，因为它闹鬼。成分内容说明主语Mr. Thompson汤普森先生谓语is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）宾语it指代那家酒店原因状语从句because it is haunted一般现在时被动时态解析：动词时态说明is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）打算卖（将来计划）is haunted一般现在时被动闹鬼（当前状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明is going to sell打算卖be going to + 动词原形（将来计划）because因为连词，引导原因状语从句is haunted闹鬼haunt 的被动形式，表示“有鬼魂出没”haunted 的用法：The house is haunted.= 这房子闹鬼。haunted 是过去分词作形容词，表示“有鬼魂出没的”。例如：a haunted house = 鬼屋第3句原文：He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar.中文翻译： 他告诉我，有一天晚上他无法入睡，因为他听到酒吧里传来一种奇怪的声响。成分内容说明主语He他谓语told一般过去时间接宾语me我宾语从句that he could not go to sleep one night一般过去时（情态动词）原因状语从句because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明told一般过去时他告诉我（过去动作）could not go一般过去时（情态动词）无法入睡（过去能力/状态）heard一般过去时听到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明told me that告诉我……tell + 人 + that 从句could not go to sleep无法入睡could not = 不能；go to sleep = 入睡one night有一天晚上过去时间状语heard听到hear 的过去式（不规则动词）a strange noise一种奇怪的声响strange = 奇怪的；noise = 噪音/声响coming from the bar从酒吧传来的现在分词短语作定语，修饰 noise感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词：He heard a strange noise coming from the bar.= 他听到一种奇怪的声响正从酒吧传来。hear + 宾语 + doing：听到某人/某物正在做某事对比：I heard him sing.（听到他唱了整首歌——全过程） I heard him **singing**.（听到他正在唱——片段）第4句原文：The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved.中文翻译： 第二天早上，他发现门被椅子挡住了，家具也被移动了。成分内容说明时间状语The next morning第二天早上主语he 谓语found一般过去时宾语从句①that the doors had been blocked by chairs过去完成时被动连词and并且宾语从句②(that) the furniture had been moved过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线found一般过去时他发现（过去动作）had been blocked过去完成时被动门被挡住——发生在 found 之前had been moved过去完成时被动家具被移动——发生在 found 之前时间线：[doors had been blocked / furniture had been moved] → [he found]（先被挡住/被移动） （后被发现）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The next morning第二天早上过去时间状语found that发现……find + that 从句had been blocked已经被挡住了被动语态过去完成时by chairs被椅子by + 施动者（被动语态）the furniture家具不可数名词（集合名词）had been moved已经被移动了被动语态过去完成时被动语态（过去完成时）：主动：Someone had blocked the doors with chairs.被动：The doors had been blocked by chairs.主动：Someone had moved the furniture.被动：The furniture had been moved.furniture 是不可数名词：✅ the furniture was moved（家具被移动了——单数）❌ the furnitures were moved第5句原文：Though Mr. Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning.中文翻译： 虽然汤普森先生在睡觉前关了灯，但早上它们还是亮着的。成分内容说明让步状语从句Though Mr. Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed过去完成时 + 一般过去时主句they were on in the morning一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线had turned off过去完成时关灯——发生在 went 之前went一般过去时上床睡觉（过去动作）were on一般过去时灯亮着（过去状态）时间线：[had turned lights off] → [went to bed] → [morning: were on]（先关了灯） （后上床睡） （早上灯亮着）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Though虽然连词，引导让步状语从句had turned...off已经关掉了turn off = 关掉（电器/灯）before he went to bed在他上床睡觉之前before + 一般过去时were on亮着/开着be on = 开着（状态）in the morning早上时间状语turn off 与 be on：turn off = 关掉（动作）be on = 开着（状态）对比：He turned off the lights.（他关灯了——动作） The lights **were on**.（灯亮着——状态）第6句原文：He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.中文翻译： 他还说，他发现了五个空的威士忌酒瓶，那一定是鬼魂前一天晚上喝掉的。成分内容说明主语He 状语also也/还谓语said一般过去时宾语从句that he had found five empty whisky bottles过去完成时定语从句which the ghost must have drunk the night before情态动词 + 完成时（对过去的推测）时态解析：动词时态时间线said一般过去时他说（过去动作）had found过去完成时他发现——发生在 said 之前must have drunk情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：“一定喝掉了”时间线：[ghost must have drunk] → [he had found bottles] → [he said]（鬼魂先喝掉） （他先发现） （后来说）词法点：词组/单词用法说明also还/也副词，放在 said 前面said that说……said + that 从句had found已经发现过去完成时（found 的完成式）empty whisky bottles空的威士忌酒瓶empty = 空的；whisky = 威士忌which the ghost must have drunk鬼魂一定喝掉的定语从句修饰 bottlesmust have drunk一定喝掉了must + have done（对过去的肯定推测）the night before前一天晚上过去时间状语（比前文更早的过去）must have drunk（重点）：The ghost must have drunk the bottles.= 鬼魂一定喝掉了这些酒瓶里的酒。结构：must + have + 过去分词用法：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测注意：drunk 是 drink 的过去分词，不是“醉的”（drunk 也可以作形容词）。定语从句 which the ghost must have drunk：bottles which the ghost must have drunk= 鬼魂一定喝掉了的酒瓶which 在从句中作宾语（drunk 的宾语），可以省略（但本句保留了）。第7句原文：When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr. Thompson shook his head.中文翻译： 当我暗示说一些村民一定进来喝过免费酒时，汤普森先生摇了摇头。成分内容说明时间状语从句When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink一般过去时 + 情态动词完成时主句Mr. Thompson shook his head一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明suggested一般过去时我暗示/建议（过去动作）must have come情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：“一定进来了”shook一般过去时他摇了摇（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明suggested that暗示/建议……suggest + that 从句must have come in一定进来了come in = 进来（对过去的推测）for a free drink为了免费喝酒for + 目的shook his head摇了摇头shake 的过去式（摇头表否定）suggest 的用法（注意！）：含义结构示例暗示/指出（本句含义）suggest + that + 陈述语气I suggested that some villagers came in.建议suggest + that + 虚拟语气（should + 原形）I suggest that he (should) go.本句 suggested 的意思是“暗示”（不是“建议”），所以从句用陈述语气 must have come。must have come in for a free drink：对过去的推测：一些村民一定进来喝免费酒了。in for = 进来为了（for 表目的）第8句（结尾句）原文：The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.中文翻译： 村民们已经告诉他，即使他白送，他们也不会接受那家酒馆。成分内容说明主语The villagers村民们谓语have told现在完成时间接宾语him他宾语从句that they will not accept the pub一般将来时让步状语从句even if he gives it away一般现在时（主将从现）时态解析：动词时态说明have told现在完成时已经告诉他（过去动作对现在有影响）will not accept一般将来时将不会接受（将来动作）gives一般现在时（主将从现）即使他给（从句用现在时表将来）时间线：[have told him] → [future: will not accept] (even if he gives it away)（已经告诉他） （将来不会接受）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have told已经告诉现在完成时（tell 的过去分词 told）will not accept将不会接受一般将来时否定the pub那家酒馆指前文的 public houseeven if即使引导让步状语从句（比 even though 更强调假设）gives it away白送/赠送give away = 赠送（give 的第三人称单数）主将从现（even if 从句）：...they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.= 即使他白送，他们也不会接受。even if 引导的让步状语从句，用一般现在时表将来。give away 的用法：give away = 赠送/白送对比：give away the pub = 把酒馆白送人give up = 放弃课文的幽默点：鬼魂把酒喝光了，还会搬家具、开灯村民宁可不要免费酒馆，因为闹鬼太吓人了标题 "A thirsty ghost"（嗜酒的鬼魂）——鬼魂也爱喝酒！📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用was bought一般过去时被动房子被买下（过去动作）is up for sale一般现在时现在待售（当前状态）is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）打算卖（将来计划）is haunted一般现在时被动闹鬼（当前状态）told一般过去时告诉我（过去动作）could not go一般过去时（情态动词）无法入睡（过去状态）heard一般过去时听到（过去动作）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）had been blocked过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被挡住had been moved过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被移动had turned off过去完成时在 went 之前已经关灯went一般过去时上床睡觉were on一般过去时灯亮着（过去状态）said一般过去时说（过去动作）had found过去完成时在 said 之前已经发现must have drunk情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：一定喝掉了suggested一般过去时暗示（过去动作）must have come情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：一定进来了shook一般过去时摇了摇（过去动作）have told现在完成时已经告诉（影响现在）will not accept一般将来时将不会接受gives一般现在时（主将从现）即使他给📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义public house酒馆/酒吧be up for sale待售be haunted闹鬼be going to do打算做某事go to sleep入睡hear + 宾语 + doing听到……正在做……coming from从……传来the next morning第二天早上had been blocked by被……挡住了turn off关掉（电器/灯）be on开着/亮着must have done一定已经……了（对过去的推测）the night before前一天晚上suggest that暗示/建议……shake one's head摇头even if即使（引导让步状语从句）give away赠送/白送have told已经告诉🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时被动doors had been blocked / furniture had been moved表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作② 情态动词 + 完成时（推测）ghost must have drunk / villagers must have come对过去事件的肯定推测③ 现在完成时The villagers have told him过去动作对现在有影响④ 主将从现even if he gives it away让步状语从句用现在时表将来⑤ 感官动词 + 现在分词heard a noise coming from the barhear + 宾语 + doing时态时间线全图：过去完成时 一般过去时 现在完成时 将来 （过去的过去） （叙述过去动作） （过去→现在） （将发生） | | | | [门被挡住] → [关灯] → [发现] → [告诉我] → [已经告诉他] → [不会接受] had been blocked turned off found told have told will not accept
新概念英语2 Lesson46 Expensive and uncomfortable
第1句原文：When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.中文翻译： 当一架从伦敦来的飞机抵达悉尼机场时，工人们开始卸下一些装衣服的木箱子。成分内容说明时间状语从句When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport一般过去时主句workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes一般过去时定语从句which contained clothing一般过去时（修饰 boxes）时态解析：动词时态说明arrived一般过去时飞机抵达（过去动作）began一般过去时工人们开始（过去动作）contained一般过去时箱子装着衣服（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明from London从伦敦来的介词短语作定语，修饰 planearrived at抵达（小地点）arrive at + 机场/车站；arrive in + 城市/国家Sydney airport悉尼机场专有名词began to unload开始卸货begin to do = 开始做某事a number of一些/若干修饰可数名词复数wooden boxes木箱子wooden = 木制的（形容词）which contained clothing装着衣服的which 指代 boxes，在定语从句中作主语定语从句 which contained clothing：wooden boxes which contained clothing= 装着衣服的木箱子which 在从句中作主语，不能省略。第2句原文：No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.中文翻译： 没有人能解释这个事实：其中一个箱子非常重。成分内容说明主语No one没有人谓语could account for一般过去时（情态动词）宾语the fact这个事实同位语从句that one of the boxes was extremely heavy一般过去时（解释 fact 的内容）时态解析：动词时态说明could account for一般过去时（情态动词）能够解释（过去能力）was一般过去时箱子很重（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明No one没有人作主语，谓语用单数account for解释/说明固定短语the fact that...……这个事实that 引导同位语从句one of the boxes其中一个箱子one of + 复数名词extremely heavy非常重extremely = 极其（副词修饰形容词）同位语从句 that one of the boxes was extremely heavy：the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy= 其中一个箱子非常重这个事实that 引导同位语从句，解释 fact 的具体内容。第3句原文：It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.中文翻译： 其中一个工人突然想到把箱子打开。成分内容说明形式主语It指代不定式谓语suddenly occurred to一般过去时真正主语to open up the box不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明occurred to一般过去时突然想到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明It occurred to sb to do某人突然想到做某事固定句型suddenly突然地副词，修饰 occurredone of the workers其中一个工人复数名词前用 one ofopen up打开open up + 容器/箱子occur to 的用法：It occurred to me to call him.= 我突然想到给他打电话。注意： occur to 的主语通常是想法或不定式，不是人。❌ I occurred to open the box.✅ It occurred to me to open the box.第4句原文：He was astonished at what he found.中文翻译： 他对所发现的东西感到非常惊讶。成分内容说明主语He他（指那个工人）谓语was astonished at一般过去时被动宾语what he found名词性从句（what = 所……的东西）时态解析：动词时态说明was astonished一般过去时被动感到惊讶（过去状态）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was astonished at对……感到惊讶be astonished at + 名词/从句what he found他所发现的东西what = the thing(s) thatbe astonished at 的用法：I was astonished at the news.= 我对这个消息感到惊讶。类似表达：surprised at / amazed at / shocked atwhat 从句：what he found= the thing that he found= 他所发现的东西第5句原文：A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods.中文翻译： 一个男人正躺在箱子里的一堆毛织品上面。成分内容说明主语A man一个男人谓语was lying过去进行时地点状语in the box在箱子里地点状语on top of a pile of woollen goods在一堆毛织品上面时态解析：动词时态说明was lying过去进行时正躺着（强调打开箱子时，他正躺着的状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was lying正躺着lie 的过去进行时（躺）on top of在……上面固定短语a pile of一堆修饰可数/不可数名词woollen goods毛织品/毛料商品woollen = 羊毛制的过去进行时的作用：A man was lying in the box.= 一个男人正躺在箱子里。强调打开箱子时，那个男人是正在躺着的状态，有画面感。lie 的三种意思：原形过去式过去分词含义lielaylain躺/位于lieliedlied说谎laylaidlaid放置/下蛋本句的 lying 是“躺”的意思（lie 的现在分词）。第6句原文：He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.中文翻译： 他对被发现感到如此惊讶，以至于他甚至没有试图逃跑。成分内容说明主句He was so surprised at being discovered一般过去时结果状语从句that he did not even try to run away一般过去时（否定）时态解析：动词时态说明was surprised一般过去时感到惊讶（过去状态）did not try一般过去时（否定）没有试图（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明so + 形容词 + that如此……以至于……结果状语从句at being discovered对被发现（这件事）at + 动名词被动式did not even try甚至没有试图try to do = 试图做某事run away逃跑固定短语being discovered（动名词被动）：at being discovered= 对“被发现”这件事结构：being + 过去分词 = 被动语态的动名词形式对比：at discovering（主动：发现别人）at being discovered（被动：自己被别人发现）so...that 结构：He was so surprised that he did not even try to run away.= 他惊讶到以至于没有试图逃跑。第7句原文：After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.中文翻译： 他被逮捕之后，这个男人承认在飞机离开伦敦之前就躲进了箱子。成分内容说明时间状语从句①After he was arrested一般过去时被动主句the man admitted hiding in the box一般过去时时间状语从句②before the plane left London一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线was arrested一般过去时被动他被逮捕（过去动作）admitted一般过去时他承认（过去动作）left一般过去时飞机离开（过去动作）时间线：[plane left London] → [man hid in the box] → [man was arrested] → [man admitted]（飞机离开伦敦） （躲进箱子） （被逮捕） （承认）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After在……之后引导时间状语从句was arrested被逮捕被动语态（arrest = 逮捕）admitted hiding承认躲藏admit + doing = 承认做了某事before在……之前引导时间状语从句admit doing 与 admit to doing：结构含义说明admit doing承认做了某事admit + 动名词（本句用法）admit to doing承认做了某事admit to + 动名词（也可用）admit to do❌ 错误admit 后面不接不定式本句用 admitted hiding，表示“承认躲藏了”。第8句原文：He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.中文翻译： 他经历了一次漫长而不舒服的旅行，因为他被限制在木箱里超过十八个小时。成分内容说明主句He had had a long and uncomfortable trip过去完成时原因状语for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线had had过去完成时他经历了（在 admitted 之前已经完成）had been confined过去完成时被动他被限制（在 admitted 之前已经持续了18小时）时间线：[had been confined for 18 hours] → [had had a trip] → [admitted]（被关了18小时） （经历了一段旅程） （承认）词法点：词组/单词用法说明had had经历了第一个 had 是助动词，第二个 had 是 have 的过去分词（“经历/拥有”）long and uncomfortable漫长而不舒服的多个形容词修饰 tripfor因为并列连词，表补充原因（比 because 正式）had been confined to被限制在confine to = 限制在……范围for over eighteen hours超过十八个小时for + 时间段had been confined（过去完成时被动）：主动：Someone had confined him to the box.被动：He had been confined to the box.confine to 的用法：confine sb to + 地点 = 把某人限制在某个地方be confined to + 地点 = 被限制在某个地方第9句原文：The man was ordered to pay £3,500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is £2,000!中文翻译： 这个男人被命令支付3,500英镑作为这次旅行的费用。一张票的正常价格是2,000英镑！时态解析：动词时态说明was ordered一般过去时被动被命令（过去动作）is一般现在时正常价格是（客观事实，用现在时）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was ordered to pay被命令支付order sb to do → 被动：be ordered to do£3,5003,500英镑英镑符号for the cost of作为……的费用for + 费用/用途the normal price正常价格normal = 正常的a ticket一张票可数名词被动语态：was ordered to pay主动：The judge ordered him to pay £3,500.被动：He was ordered to pay £3,500.课文的幽默点：他偷渡花了 £3,500，而正常票价只有 £2,000。他不但没省钱，反而更贵了——这就是标题 Expensive and uncomfortable（既昂贵又受罪）的含义。📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用arrived一般过去时飞机抵达（过去动作）began一般过去时工人们开始（过去动作）contained一般过去时箱子装着衣服（过去状态）could account for一般过去时（情态动词）能够解释（过去能力）was (heavy)一般过去时箱子很重（过去状态）occurred to一般过去时突然想到（过去动作）was astonished一般过去时被动感到惊讶（过去状态）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）was lying过去进行时正躺着（强调状态）was surprised一般过去时感到惊讶（过去状态）did not try一般过去时（否定）没有试图was arrested一般过去时被动被逮捕admitted一般过去时承认left一般过去时飞机离开had had过去完成时经历了（在 admitted 之前）had been confined过去完成时被动被限制（在 admitted 之前）was ordered一般过去时被动被命令is一般现在时正常价格是（客观事实）📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义arrive at + 小地点抵达……a number of一些/若干account for解释the fact that...……这个事实（同位语从句）occur to sb to do某人突然想到做某事open up打开be astonished at对……感到惊讶on top of在……上面a pile of一堆so + 形容词 + that如此……以至于……be surprised at对……感到惊讶being discovered被发现（动名词被动）run away逃跑be arrested被逮捕admit doing承认做了某事be confined to被限制在for + 时间段持续……时间be ordered to do被命令做某事the cost of……的费用🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去进行时A man was lying in the box.强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作② 过去完成时He had had a long trip / had been confined表示“过去的过去”③ 被动语态was astonished / was arrested / was ordered过去发生的被动动作④ 动名词被动at being discovered被发现的（这件事）⑤ 同位语从句the fact that one of the boxes was heavythat 解释 fact 的内容时态时间线全图：过去完成时 过去进行时 一般过去时 （过去的过去） （过去正在） （叙述过去动作） | | | [被关18小时] → [飞机抵达] → [打开箱子] → [被发现] → [被逮捕] → [被罚款] had been confined arrived opened up was discovered was arrested was ordered
第1句原文：The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.中文翻译： 整个村子很快得知，一大笔钱丢失了。成分内容说明主语The whole village整个村子（指全村的人）谓语learnt一般过去时宾语从句that a large sum of money had been lost过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线learnt一般过去时村子得知（过去动作）had been lost过去完成时被动钱丢失发生在 learnt 之前（过去的过去）时间线：[money had been lost] → [village learnt]（钱先丢了） （村子后得知）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The whole village全村人集合名词，指全村的人learnt得知/听说learn 的过去式（英式拼写，美式为 learned）a large sum of money一大笔钱sum = 金额/总数；修饰不可数名词 moneyhad been lost已经被丢失过去完成时被动（lost 是 lose 的过去分词）被动语态：had been lost主动：Someone had lost the money.被动：The money had been lost.第2句原文：Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.中文翻译： 当地屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送到邮局的路上丢失了钱包。成分内容说明主语Sam Benton, the local butcher萨姆·本顿（同位语：当地屠户）谓语had lost过去完成时宾语his wallet他的钱包时间状语while taking his savings to the post office现在分词短语（省略了 he was）时态解析：动词时态说明had lost过去完成时钱包丢失发生在“村子得知”之前（过去的过去）taking现在分词伴随动作，表示“在……的时候”时间线：[had lost his wallet] → [village learnt]（先丢钱包） （后村子得知）词法点：词组/单词用法说明the local butcher当地屠户同位语，解释 Sam Benton 的身份had lost丢失了过去完成时（lose 的过去分词 lost）while taking在……的时候时间状语从句的省略（while he was taking）savings存款/储蓄复数形式，表示“积蓄”post office邮局固定短语while + 现在分词（省略结构）：...while (he was) taking his savings to the post office.= ……当他正在把存款送到邮局的时候。当主句和从句主语一致时，可以省略 he was，只保留现在分词 taking。第3句原文：Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him.中文翻译： 萨姆确信钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，但是并没有归还给他。成分内容说明主语Sam萨姆谓语was sure一般过去时宾语从句that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers情态动词 + 完成时被动连词but但是并列句it was not returned to him一般过去时被动（否定）时态解析：动词时态说明was sure一般过去时他确信（过去状态）must have been found情态动词 + 完成时被动对过去的肯定推测：一定已经被找到了was not returned一般过去时被动（否定）没有被归还词法点：词组/单词用法说明was sure确信be sure + that 从句must have been found一定已经被找到了must + have been done（对过去的肯定推测）by one of the villagers被某个村民by + 施动者（被动语态）was not returned to him没有被归还给他return = 归还must have been done（重点）：The wallet must have been found by one of the villagers.= 钱包一定被某个村民找到了。结构：must + have been + 过去分词用法：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测（说话人认为可能性极大）被动语态：was returned主动：Someone returned it to him.被动：It was returned to him.第4句原文：Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.中文翻译： 三个月过去了，然后一天早晨，萨姆在他家门口外面发现了他的钱包。成分内容说明主语Three months三个月谓语①passed一般过去时连词and then然后时间状语one morning一天早晨主语②Sam萨姆谓语②found一般过去时宾语his wallet他的钱包地点状语outside his front door在他家门口外面时态解析：动词时态说明passed一般过去时三个月过去了（过去动作）found一般过去时他发现了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Three months passed三个月过去了pass = 流逝（不及物动词）one morning一天早晨过去时间状语outside his front door在他家门口外面outside + 地点pass 的用法：Three months passed.= 三个月过去了。注意： pass 在这里是不及物动词（没有宾语），表示“时间流逝”。第5句原文：It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!'中文翻译： 它被用报纸包着，里面装有他丢失的一半的钱，还有一张纸条，上面写着：“小偷，是的，但只有50%的小偷！”成分内容说明主语①It指钱包谓语①had been wrapped up过去完成时被动状语in newspaper用报纸连词and并且主语②it指钱包谓语②contained一般过去时宾语half the money一半的钱定语从句(that) he had lost过去完成时（修饰 money）状语together with a note连同/还有一张纸条定语从句which said一般过去时（修饰 note）时态解析：动词时态时间线had been wrapped up过去完成时被动钱包被包好，发生在 found 之前contained一般过去时装着（过去状态）had lost过去完成时他丢失的钱，发生在 found 之前said一般过去时纸条上写着（过去状态）时间线：[money had been lost] → [wallet had been wrapped up] → [Sam found it]（钱先丢） （钱包被包好） （萨姆发现）词法点：词组/单词用法说明had been wrapped up已经被包起来了wrap up = 包起来（过去完成时被动）in newspaper用报纸材料/方式状语contained装有/包含contain = 包含（及物动词）half the money一半的钱half + 名词he had lost他丢失的定语从句（省略 that），修饰 moneytogether with连同/还有介词短语，表示“附加”a note一张纸条可数名词which said上面写着which 指代 note，作从句主语per cent百分之……百分比被动语态：had been wrapped up主动：Someone had wrapped it up.被动：It had been wrapped up.half the money 的用法：half the money = 一半的钱（half + 名词，不加 of 也可以）也可以说：half of the moneytogether with 的主谓一致：A together with B = A 和 B 一起（谓语动词与 A 一致）例如：Sam, together with his friends, is going.第6句原文：Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!'中文翻译： 两个月后，更多的钱被寄给了萨姆，还有另一张纸条：“现在只有25%的小偷了！”成分内容说明时间状语Two months later两个月后主语some more money更多的钱谓语was sent一般过去时被动宾语to Sam给萨姆状语with another note还有另一张纸条直接引语'Only 25 per cent a thief now!'纸条内容时态解析：动词时态说明was sent一般过去时被动钱被寄出（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Two months later两个月后过去时间状语some more money更多的钱some more + 不可数名词was sent to被寄给send 的过去式被动with another note附有另一张纸条with + 名词，表伴随被动语态：was sent主动：Someone sent the money to Sam.被动：The money was sent to Sam.some more 的用法：some more money = 更多一些钱some more = 再多一些（修饰不可数名词或复数名词）第7句原文：In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.中文翻译： 最终，萨姆所有的钱都通过这种方式被还回来了。成分内容说明状语In time最终/及时地主语all Sam's money萨姆所有的钱谓语was paid back一般过去时被动状语in this way以这种方式时态解析：动词时态说明was paid back一般过去时被动钱被还回来了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明In time最终/终于此处 = eventually（不是“准时”）all Sam's money萨姆所有的钱所有格 + 名词was paid back被还回来了pay back = 偿还/归还in this way以这种方式way 表示“方式/方法”pay back 的用法：pay back = 偿还/归还主动：Someone paid back the money.被动：The money was paid back.in time 的两种含义：含义示例最终/迟早In time, all the money was returned.及时He arrived in time for the train.第8句（结尾句）原文：The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'中文翻译： 最后一张纸条上写着：“我现在是100%诚实了！”成分内容说明主语The last note最后一张纸条谓语said一般过去时直接引语'I am 100 per cent honest now!'一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明said一般过去时纸条上写着（过去状态）am一般现在时直接引语中用现在时（“我现在……”）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The last note最后一张纸条last = 最后的/上一个的100 per cent百分之百完全地honest诚实的形容词课文的幽默点：小偷把钱分成几批还回来，每次附一张纸条。从50%小偷 → 25%小偷 → 100%诚实。小偷在“逐步洗白”自己，既有趣又讽刺。📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用learnt一般过去时村子得知（过去动作）had been lost过去完成时被动钱丢失发生在 learnt 之前had lost过去完成时萨姆丢钱包发生在 learnt 之前taking现在分词while 省略结构was sure一般过去时他确信（过去状态）must have been found情态动词 + 完成时被动对过去的肯定推测was not returned一般过去时被动（否定）没有被归还passed一般过去时时间流逝found一般过去时他发现had been wrapped up过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被包好contained一般过去时装着（过去状态）had lost过去完成时在 found 之前丢失said (note)一般过去时纸条上写着was sent一般过去时被动钱被寄出was paid back一般过去时被动钱被还回来said (last note)一般过去时最后一张纸条上写着am (I am honest)一般现在时直接引语中的现在状态📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义The whole village全村人a large sum of money一大笔钱post office邮局while taking在……的时候（省略结构）be sure that确信……must have been done一定已经被……（对过去的推测）return to归还给wrap up包起来together with连同/还有in newspaper用报纸half the money一半的钱per cent百分之……two months later两个月后some more money更多的钱pay back偿还/归还in time最终/及时地in this way以这种方式🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时被动a large sum of money had been lost / It had been wrapped up表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作② 情态动词 + 完成时被动the wallet must have been found对过去事件的肯定推测③ 一般过去时被动it was not returned / money was sent / money was paid back过去发生的被动动作④ while + 现在分词省略结构while taking his savings省略了 he was时态时间线全图：过去完成时 过去完成时被动 一般过去时 （过去的过去） （过去的过去被动） （叙述过去动作） | | | [丢钱包] → [钱丢失] → [钱包被包好] → [萨姆发现] → [钱陆续被还] had lost had been lost had been wrapped up found was sent
📘 英语语法笔记（完整保留版）一、代词系统1. 主格、宾格、所有格中文意思主格 (作主语)宾格 (作宾语)所有格 (表示“的”)我Imemy你/你们youyouyour他hehimhis她sheherher它ititits我们weusour他们/她们/它们theythemtheir指示代词：这个（单数）：this这些（复数）：these那个（单数）：that那些（复数）：those那里：there一个简单的比喻： 想象“我送给她一本书”主格 (我)：动作的发起者宾格 (她)：动作的承受者所有格 (我的)：东西的归属者详细解释1. 主格 - 动作的“发起者” (主语)在句子中做主语，是动作的执行者通常位于句首，动词之前例句：I love you. She is a teacher.2. 宾格 - 动作的“承受者” (宾语)在句子中做宾语，是动作的承受对象通常位于动词之后，或介词之后例句：I love you.（动词后）This book is for us.（介词后）3. 所有格 - 事物的“主人” (表示“的”)表示所属关系，意思是“谁的”永远放在名词前面，修饰那个名词例句：This is my book. Her mother is kind.终极判断方法：主格：谁在做动作？ → She loves him.宾格：动作作用于谁？ → She loves him.所有格：谁的东西？ → She loves his dog.注意： it 可替代物体、时间、天气等二、动词系统英语动词用法核心规则一、Be动词规则主语类型动词形式I (我)amYou (你/你们)areHe/She/It (他/她/它) / 单数名词isWe/They (我们/他们) / 复数名词are总结：看主语选 am, is, are二、实义动词规则（一般现在时）主语类型动词形式示例非三单 (I, You, We, They, 复数名词)动词原形They work here.三单 (He, She, It, 单数名词)动词 + s/esHe works here.“三单”加s的规则：大多数动词：直接加 -s (like → likes)以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾：加 -es (teach → teaches, go → goes)以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加 -es (study → studies)三、时态系统1. 一般现在时用法： 经常的状态、习惯的动作、客观真理结构：状态：主语 + is/am/are + 表语动作：主语 + 动词（注意三单变化）这里冬天经常是雪天 It's often snowy in winter here.这里冬天经常下雪 It often snow in winter here.2. 现在进行时用法： 表示现在正在进行的动作结构： 主语 + is/am/are + 动词-ing动词-ing构成规则（拼写注意事项）：规则动词原形动词-ing形式说明一般情况look, play, dolooking, playing, doing直接加 -ing以不发音的-e结尾make, write, dancemaking, writing, dancing去 -e，再加 -ing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母run, sit, swim, putrunning, sitting, swimming, putting双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ing以 -ie 结尾lie, die, tielying, dying, tying变 -ie 为 -y，再加 -ing以 -c 结尾picnic, panicpicnicking, panicking先在-c后加-k，再加 -ing特别注意： 双写规则关键是“重读闭音节”（辅音+元音+辅音且重读）3. 一般将来时（be going to结构）用法： 表示计划、打算要做的事结构： 主语 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原形注意事项：主 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原型主 + is/am/are + going to + 地点名词主 + is/am/are + going to be + 非动词（形容词、名词等）我打算两点到那：I am going to be there at two.他打算成为一名医生：He is going to be a doctor.口语中 going to 常简化为 gonna /ˈɡənə/疑问句和否定句：疑问：be提前 → Is she going to swim?否定：be + not → She is not going to swim.四、疑问句系统1. 一般疑问句功能： 用于询问“是”或“否”的问题构成： 将 be 动词 (is, am, are) 提前至句首陈述句一般疑问句This is your name.Is this your name?I am great.Am I great?You are my friend.Are you my friend?翻译练习：你是 Sam 吗？ → Are you Sam?这是你的朋友吗？ → Is this your friend?2. 特殊疑问句4.1 What... (什么)结构1： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他你的工作是什么？ → What is your job?你的车牌号是什么？ → What is your car number?结构2： 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + 主语What color is your umbrella?（你的雨伞是什么颜色？）What make is your car?（你的车是什么牌子？）What time is it?（几点了？）What nationality are you?（你是什么国籍？）注意： 只有nationality可以两种结构互换，其他三个(color/make/time)只能用第二种结构4.2 How... (怎么样，如何)基本结构： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他How are you?（你好吗？）How is your uncle?（你的叔叔怎么样？）How to + 动词？ (如何做...?)How to open it?（如何打开它？）How to use it?（如何使用它？）问候与回应：问： How are you (today)? / How are you doing today?答： Fine. Thank you, and you? / Great. / Not bad. / Very bad.4.3 Whose... (谁的)两种结构都可以用：结构1： 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + ...Whose shirt is that?（那是谁的衬衫？）结构2： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词Whose is that shirt?（那个衬衫是谁的？）4.4 Who... (谁)只能使用： 特殊疑问词 + be动词 + 名词Who is this man?（这人是谁？）Who are these men?（这些人是谁？）4.5 Which... (哪一个，哪一些)Which + 单数名词：表示哪个Which + 复数名词：表示哪些两种结构都可以用：Which is your car?（哪一辆是你的车？）Which car is yours?（哪一辆车是你的？）4.6 Where... (哪里)结构： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词Where are you?（你在哪？）Where is your mother?（你妈妈在哪？）4.7 Why... (为什么)Why do you want to come to China?（你为什么想来中国？）五、否定句系统功能： 表达否定构成： be 动词 + not陈述句否定句缩写形式This is my name.This is not my name. This is my car.This is not my car.This isn't my car.I am a teacher.I am not a teacher.I 'm not a teacher.They are my books.They are not my books.They aren't my books.缩写形式：is not = isn'tam not = 'm not（注意：无"amn't"的形式）are not = aren't否定词详细规则一、Don't 和 Doesn't (用于否定实义动词)主语否定词例句I / You / We / They / 复数名词don't (do not)I don't like coffee. They don't live here.He / She / It / 单数名词 (三单)doesn't (does not)He doesn't speak Chinese. She doesn't have a car.核心记忆口诀： 有“动”用 do/does，三单用 does，非三用 do。二、Not (用于否定系动词、情态动词等)否定的对象结构例句系动词 (am/is/are)am/is/are + notI am not tired. She is not a student.情态动词 (can, will, must...)情态动词 + notI cannot swim. He will not come.助动词 (have, has, had)助动词 + notI have not finished. She has not seen it.不定式、动名词等not + to do / doingTry not to be late. I regret not going.三、快速决策树：看句子核心动词：如果是 实义动词 (like, live, work...) → 用 don't / doesn't如果是 be动词/情态动词 → 用 not六、名词系统1. 可数名词复数变化规则规则变化：一般的名词 + sa girl → girls, a coat → coats以s、sh、x、ch结尾的词 + es /iz/a bus → buses, a box → boxes以f、fe结尾变f、fe为ves /vz/a wife → wives, a shelf → shelves土豆、西红柿、黑人、英雄 + es /z/a potato → potatoes, a tomato → tomatoes规则：以o结尾有生命加es，其他+s辅音字母 + y结尾的名词，变y为i + es /iz/a baby → babies, a lady → ladies注意： 腿部以下的物品都是复数，做主语用are（如：shoes, pants, socks等）不规则名词：man → men, woman → womenfoot → feet, tooth → teethchild → children /ˈtʃɪldrən/sheep → sheep（单复数一样）, fish → fish（单复数一样）2. 不可数名词特点：前面不可以加one two three前面不可以加a an后面不可以加s，永远是单数分类：液体状东西：water, tea, coffee, milk, beer物质名词：soap, gold抽象名词：love, friendship, anger无法计算：work, homework, rice, rain量词搭配：a loaf of bread（一条面包）/loʊf/a bar of soap（一块肥皂）a bottle of cola（一瓶可乐）a pound of sugar（一磅糖）/paʊnd/half a pound of...（半磅）/hæf/a quarter of ...（四分之一）/ˈkwɔːrtər/a piece of bread（一片面包）/piːs/a cup of coffee（一杯咖啡）a spoon of sugar（一勺糖）3. 冠词 (Articles)概念： 用于名词前，相当于名词的"帽子"冠词含义说明a/an一个、一间、一台...不定冠词，表示不确定、泛指the这、那、这些、那些定冠词，表示确定、特指a 和 an 的区别：an + 以元音发音开头的单词：an egg, an orange, an houra + 以辅音发音开头的单词：a car, a house, a university用法规则：初次出现，不了解，不确定，用不定冠词再次出现，了解了，确定了，用定冠词the特殊情况（通常不加冠词）： 国家、国籍、人名、城市名I am from China. I like Beijing.七、介词系统常用介词及用法on（在...上面）The book on the desk（桌子上的那本书）→ 介词短语修饰名词The book is on the desk.（这本书在桌子上）→ 加动词构成句子in（在...里面）The money in the bag（包里的钱）→ 短语The money is in the bag.（钱在包里）→ 句子拓展：in love（恋爱）：He is in love.in + 语言（用...）：Please speak in English.in + 颜色（穿着...颜色的衣服）：The girl in the redin cash（使用现金）：pay in cashin the rain（冒雨）：They walk in the rainwith（和...在一起）人与人、人与物、物与物He is with his new girlfriend.（他和他的新女朋友在一起）The house with a swimming pool（带着游泳池的房子）across（穿过...）He is going across the grass.（他正穿过那片草地）→ 注意： across是介词，需加动词over（跨越、上方）between（在...之间）只能表示两者之间：between A and BThe lady is between her daughter and her friend.just between you and me（天知地知，你知我知）along（沿着）We are driving along the main road.into（进入）I come into the bedroom.（我进入到了房间）of（属于）一般表示没有生命的东西，倒着说the photo of my school（我学校的照片）the name of the song（这首歌的名字）beside（在...的旁边）There is a bed table beside the bed.off（离开）turn off（关掉）, take off（脱掉）, drive off（开走）, jump off（跳离）for核心功能：建立“指向性”的关联为了...某人而...：It's for you.对于某人来说...：Math is so difficult for me.表原因：What are you sorry for?无需翻译，介词+时间/地点 in + 月、季、年in + 地点（相对较大）It's clod in winter 冬天非常冷It's very marm in MarchIt's often rainy in summer 夏天经常是雨天I am going to travel in the South Pole in 2026 我打算2026年去南极旅行It is cold in Beijing in winter.重要区分in front of vs. in the front of:in front of: 在外部的前面（两个物体分开）in the front of: 在内部的前面（在同一物体内部）八、常用句型结构1. 简单句的5种基本句型主 + 谓 (Subject + Verb)主 + 谓 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Object)主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object)主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 (Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement)主 + 系 + 表 (Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative)2. There be 句型构成： There be（is，are）+ 地点用法： 表示存在（某处有某物）分类：There is... + 单数名词There are... + 复数名词就近原则： There is a table and four chairs.（a table是单数，所以用is）翻译： There is one in my heart.（我心里有一个人）三组对话的核心语法对比表名词类型疑问句典型结构肯定回答中的量词/代词核心区别与规则可数名词单数Is there a/an...?one用 one 指代问句中提到的单个物品。不可数名词Is there any...?some问句用 any，肯定回答换为 some。可数名词复数Are there any...?some问句用 any，肯定回答换为 some；be动词用are。3. 双宾语结构结构： 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语常见动词： give, show, teach, send, buy两种表达方式：give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.I give some money to him = I give him some moneyI show my new car to him = I show him my new car4. 祈使句功能： 表示命令、请求、建议结构：表示命令：动词原型+...（Shut the door.）表示请求：please+动词原型+...（Please give it to me.）表示建议：Let's+动词原型+...（Let's go, OK?）Be careful结构： be + 非动词（形容词、介词、名词等）Be happy!（要开心哦）Be here!（就待在这哦）Be a good boy!（要做个好孩子啊）5. What about...? 句型用法：反问：I am a teacher. What about you?提议：I want rice. What about you?表示关切：What about your homework?6. What are you going to do with...?你打算怎么处理...？What are you going to do with the old books?（你打算怎么处理这些旧书？）九、形容词与副词形容词用法修饰名词：a beautiful girl作表语：She is beautiful.副词用法功能： 修饰 adj. / v. / adv.修饰adj：I am very tired修饰v.：I love you very much, I swim well修饰adv：He runs very quickly副词的位置： 通常情况，形前动后I am very tired（very修饰形容词tired，放在形容词前面）I swim well（well修饰动词swim，放在动词后面）特殊词：hard形容词：hard work（艰苦的工作）副词：work hard（努力地工作）...and... 结构（又...又...）Tired and thirsty（又累又渴）Beautiful and kind（美丽又善良）Tall, rich and handsome（高富帅）频率副词sometimes 有时，频率副词十、量词与数量表达Some / Any 用法词用法示例some1. 肯定句中表示"一些"2. 疑问句中表请求/建议3. 加单数名词表"某一"I have some books.Would you like some tea?Some day you'll understand.any1. 疑问句/否定句中表示"一些"2. 加单数名词表"任意"Do you have any money?You can buy it at any store.Some + 复数名词/不可数名词：some books（一些书）some water（一些水）some students（一些学生）数字表达在‘hundred’之后，只要后面跟着的不是‘零零’（即十位和个位不都是0），就必须用‘and’连接。基数词：1-10: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten11-19: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20-90: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety100: one hundred, 1000: one thousand，10000：ten thousand连字符使用： twenty-one（21）, thirty-six（36）, fifty-seven（57）89’691 eighty-two thousand six hundred and ninety-one百位以上：236: two hundred and thirty-six1,423: one thousand four hundred and twenty-three十一、情态动词概念： 表示情感、态度包括： can, must, may...用法： + 动词，且原形特点： 没有人称和数的变化例句：She can read it.He can do it.They can swim.疑问句： 情态动词提前Can he read it?Can he do it?否定形式：can → can't = cannotmust → mustn't(禁止) = must not / don't need to(不必)may → may not具体情态动词：can可以吗？Can you...? Can she...?Can you help me?（你能帮我吗？）Can he do it?（他可以做这事吗？）Can I help you?（我能帮助你吗？）→ No thanks / Yes pleaseCan't wait!（快点说吧）I can't help（没法子！）Can you give me a hand?（你可以搭把手帮个忙吗？）mustWhat must I do?（我该干什么？）What must I say / read / clean...?（我该说/读/打扫什么？）Where must I go / live / stay...?（我该去/住/暂住哪里？）Who must I meet / love / invite?（我该见/爱/邀请谁呢？）十二、动词相关结构1. 双动词结构我喜欢踢足球：I like playing football我喜欢开车：I like driving我想买一辆新车：I want to buy a new car我想开车：I want to drive2. Come and... 结构（过来...）Come and see it.（过来看它）Come and meet my Mom.（过来见我的妈妈）Come and have a drink.（过来喝一杯）3. Look at / See 区别Look at（看）：含义： 有意识地、主动地将视线投向某物，强调"看"的动作用法： 及物动词短语，后接宾语 look at something注意： 看人时，at后面接宾格：Look at me/him/her.See（看见）：含义： 视觉信息自然地、被动地进入眼睛，强调"看"的结果和能力用法： 及物动词，后直接接宾语 see something/someone核心区别：Look at 强调看的动作（可能还没看见）See 强调看的结果（已经看见了）Can you see it?（你能看得见吗？）Can you look at it?（你能看一下吗？）4. Give 给后面接人称代词宾格形式：give me / her / him / them / usGive me the book.（把那本书给我）Give him the pen.（把钢笔给他）5. 实义动词疑问/否定（Do用法）实义动词疑问句： Do + 主语 + 动词原形Do you like coffee?Do you want any sugar?Do you eat breakfast?否定句： do not + 动词原形I don't like coffee.I don't like milk in my coffee.（我不喜欢咖啡里加牛奶）对比：Are they + 形容词/名词/介词... → 一般疑问句：be+... / 否定句：They are not +...实义动词疑问句 → Do + 动词原形 / 否定句：do not + 动词原形6. wait for...（等待...）wait for me（等等我）十三、代词 One / OnesOne（单数）the blue coat = the blue onethe short girl = the short oneI like the cheap one.（我喜欢便宜的那个）当两个人知道谈论的是什么的时候，one就可以代表所指示的东西（单数）Ones（复数）I like the red coats = I like the red ones.（我喜欢红色的那些外套）十四、Here 系列结构Here + 主语 + be/一般动词It is here. = Here it is.（它在这儿）我在这：I am here = Here I am.他在这：He is here = Here he is.咱开始吧：Here we go...它们在这：They are here = Here they are.（也可以表示"给你"）Here they are / Here it is / Here you are 区别短语核心释义关键区别与典型场景Here they are.它们在这儿。给你（多个物品）。针对复数物品。• 场景1 (寻找)：A: "我的眼镜呢?" B: (拿着眼镜) "Here they are."• 场景2 (递交)：(端上两盘菜) "Here they are."Here it is.它在这儿。给你（单个物品）。针对单数物品。• 场景1 (寻找)：A: "我的车钥匙呢?" B: (找到钥匙) "Here it is."• 场景2 (递交)：(递过一个文件) "Here it is."Here you are.给你。拿好。通用递交用语，不区分单复数。• 场景 (通用递交)：(递给你一杯水/一些钱/一个包裹) "Here you are."注意：此短语焦点在“接收的人”，而非“物品”。十五、亲属关系表达in-law（婚后亲属关系）mother in-law（岳母/婆婆）father in-law（岳父/公公）sister in-law（嫂子/弟媳/小姑子等）brother in-law（姐夫/妹夫/小叔子等）ex-（前任）ex-girlfriend（前女友）ex-boyfriend（前男友）ex-wife（前妻）ex-husband（前夫）step（后的，继的）step mother（继母）step father（继父）step sister（同父异母/同母异父的姐妹）step brother（同父异母/同母异父的兄弟）十六、常用短语与表达名词 + Please 句型用法： 用于点餐、购物、请求等场景，非常口语化My coat and my umbrella, please.（请把我的外套和雨伞给我。）A roast duck, please.（请来一只烤鸭。）Your ID card, please. / Tickets, please.（请出示您的身份证。/ 请出示票。）实用短语列表短语含义come out of...从...出来come upstairs上楼来go downstairs下楼去the same color/name/city相同的颜色/名字/城市lovely smart beautiful nice漂亮、好看、时髦a lucky dog幸运儿my girl我的女孩（女朋友）That's fine就这样吧/就到这吧/行啦grey hair花白的头发black tea红茶black coffee纯咖啡black man黑人what's the matter?什么事情？Are you tired?你累了吗？What's up?干嘛呢？/怎么回事啊？What's wrong?什么不对？/怎么了？What's wrong with you?你怎么回事？（吵架）all right = ok I'm full我饱了a full stop句号a full time job一份全职工作a part time job一份兼职工作make the bed整理床铺I beg your pardon?请您再说一遍？a family meeting家庭会议we are a family我们是一家人Are you the family of...?你们是...的家属吗？walk out of...从...走出来run out of...从...跑出来go into走进...go out of走出...some of them他们中的一些some of us我们中的一些walk into走进去...run into跑进去...There we are = We are there就这么着吧/就到这儿吧Not very不是非常...Hurry up快点Be quick快点It's over there就在那儿It's right here就在这儿There it is = It is there他在这里/就在这里There he is = He is there他在这里Wait a minute稍等一会（一分钟）Wait a second稍等一会（几秒钟）Can I ask you a question?我能问你一个问题吗？Can you come here a minute please?你能过来一下好吗？She is next door她在隔壁next door（在隔壁/与...相邻）She is next door to us.（她与我们相邻）next-door（形容词，隔壁的）The next-door girl is very beautiful.（隔壁的女孩很漂亮）To tell you the truth,...说句老实话吧，...Well...嗯... 呃...Yeah是的To be honest,...老实讲...run after追赶（It's running after a cat. 它正在追赶一只猫）How is the weather in Beijing?北京的天气怎么样？The weather is pleasant天气很宜人a pleasant dream美梦天气表达句型结构： It is + adj + 时间It is sunny today.（今天阳光明媚。）What's in/on/under/over/behind it?What's in it?（里面是什么？）What's on it?（上面是什么？）What's under it?（下面是什么？）What's behind it?（后面是什么？）十七、补充语法点1. 描述句型他正穿过那片草地：He is going across the grass（注意：across是介词，需加动词）2. 动词分类总结连系动词：She is beautiful情态动词：You must do it实义动词：I wash my hands助动词：She is running（is是助动词，is running是一个整体）十八、特殊语句What's sth./ sb. like?What's her boyfriend like? 她的男朋友怎么样？What's your boss like?你的老板怎么样？What's the climate like? 气候怎么样？What's the climate like in +...（国家、城市、季节、月份）What's the climate like in Japan?日本的气候怎么样？What's the climate like in fall?秋天气候怎么样？How's sth./sb. ?How's the climate? 气候怎么样？How's the weather? 天气怎么样？How's her boyfriend?她男朋友怎么样？三月经常是风天It's often windy in Marthrain \ snowrain 下雨 snow下雪 两个都是动词 +y变成形容词三月会下雨 It's rainy in March 这里的rainy是作为形容词，可以跟在be动词之后​ It rains in March 这里的rain下雨是动词，三单加s句子结构It's rainy in March.主系表结构 It（形式主语） + is（系动词） + rainy（形容词表语）It rains in March.主谓结构 It（形式主语） + rains（动词谓语）