English 语法修正版1

📘 英语语法笔记

1. 主格、宾格、所有格

一个简单的比喻：
想象一个简单的动作——“我送给她一本书”。

• 主格 (我)：动作的发起者
• 宾格 (她)：动作的承受者
• 所有格 (我的)：东西的归属者

详细解释

1. 主格 - 动作的“发起者” (主语)

• 功能：在句子中做主语，是句子的开头，动作的执行者
• 位置：通常位于句首，在动词之前
• 中文对应：我、你、他、她、它、我们、他们 等

• 例句：

  • I love you. (我爱你。) -> "我"是"爱"这个动作的发起者
  • She is a teacher. (她是一名老师。) -> "她"是"是"的状态主体
  • They are happy. (他们很开心。)

2. 宾格 - 动作的"承受者" (宾语)

• 功能：在句子中做宾语，是动作的承受对象
• 位置：通常位于动词之后，或介词（如 to, for, with, of 等）之后
• 中文对应：我、你、他、她、它、我们、他们 等（中文形式和主格一样，但英语里词形变了）

• 例句：

  • I love you. (我爱你。) -> "你"是"爱"这个动作的承受对象 (动词后)
  • Please call him. (请给他打电话。) -> "他"是"打电话"的对象 (动词后)
  • This book is for us. (这本书是给我们的。) -> "我们"在介词"for"后面 (介词后)

3. 所有格 - 事物的"主人" (表示"的")

• 功能：表示所属关系，意思是"谁的"
• 位置：永远放在一个名词前面，修饰那个名词。它不能单独使用
• 中文对应：我的、你的、他的、她的、我们的、他们的 等

• 例句：

  • This is my book. (这是我的书。) -> "我的"修饰"书"
  • Her mother is kind. (她的妈妈很和蔼。) -> "她的"修饰"妈妈"
  • I like their house. (我喜欢他们的房子。) -> "他们的"修饰"房子"

终极总结与快速判断方法

记住这个流程，永远不会错：

1. 找到句子的动词（动作）
2. 问：谁 发出的这个动作？ → 答案用 主格
3. 问：动作作用在谁身上？ → 答案用 宾格
4. 问：有没有表示 "谁的" 东西？ → 答案用 所有格

例句：

• 我爱他：I love him.
• 你爱她：You love her.
• 他爱我：He loves me.
• 她爱你：She loves you.

注意：

• it 可替代物体、时间、天气等

2. 动词

英语动词用法核心规则

一、Be动词规则

总结：看主语选 am, is, are

二、实义动词规则

总结：三单加S，非三单用原形

"三单"加S的简单说明：

1. 大多数动词：直接加 -s (like -> likes, play -> plays)
2. 以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾：加 -es (teach -> teaches, go -> goes)
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加 -es (study -> studies)

3. 一般疑问句 (General Questions)

功能： 用于询问"是"或"否"的问题

构成： 将 be 动词 (is, am, are) 提前至句首

翻译练习：

• 你是 Sam 吗？ -> Are you Sam?
• 这是你的朋友吗？ -> Is this your friend?
• 他是老师吗？ -> Is he a teacher?

4. 特殊疑问句 (Special Questions)

4.1 What... (什么)

基本结构1： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他成分

• 你的工作是什么？ -> What is your job?
• 你的国籍是什么？ -> What is your nationality? / What nationality are you?
• 你的车牌号是什么？ -> What is your car number?
• 你的车是什么牌子？ -> What make is your car?
• 你的邮箱是什么？ -> What is your E-mail?
• 你的微信是什么？ -> What is your Wechat?

基本结构2： 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + 主语

• What color is your umbrella? 你的雨伞是什么颜色？
• What make is your car? 你的车是什么牌子？
• What time is it? 几点了
• What nationality are you? 你是什么国籍？

注意： 只有nationality可以两种结构互换，其他三个(color/make/time)只能用第二种结构

4.2 How... (怎么样，如何)

基本结构： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他成分

• How are you? (你好吗？)
• How is your uncle? (你的叔叔怎么样？)
• How is Lucy? (Lucy怎么样？)
• How is your mother? (你的妈妈怎么样？)
• How are your mother and your father? (你的妈妈和爸爸怎么样？)

How to + 动词？ (如何做...?)

• How to open it? (如何打开它？)
• How to use it? (如何使用它？)
• How to do it? (如何做这件事？)

问候与回应：

• 问： How are you (today)? / How are you doing today?

• 答：

  • Fine. Thank you, and you? (很好，谢谢，你呢？)
  • Great. / Wonderful. (非常好。/ 棒极了。)
  • Not bad. (还行吧。)
  • Very bad. / Terrible. (非常差。/ 糟糕。)

4.3 Whose...(谁的)

两种结构都可以用，没有局限性：

结构1： 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + ... 现代英语中，这种格式更为常用

• Whose shirt is that? 那是谁的衬衫？
• Whose car is this? 这是谁的车？
• Whose bag is that? 那是谁的包？
• Whose white shirt is this? 这是谁的白衬衫？

结构2： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词

• Whose is that shirt? 那个衬衫是谁的？
• Whose is this car? 这辆车是谁的？
• Whose is that bag? 那个包是谁的？
• Whose is this blue umbrella? 这个蓝色的雨伞是谁的？

4.4 Who... 谁...

只能使用下面的结构：

基本结构： 特殊疑问词 + be动词 + 名词

• Who is this man? 这人是谁？
• Who are these men? 这些人是谁？
• Who is that young man? 那个年轻人是谁？
• Who are those young men? 那些年轻人是谁？

4.5 Which... 哪一个，哪一些

• Which + 单数名词，表示哪个
• Which + 复数名词，表示哪些

两种结构都可以用，没有局限性：

结构1： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词

• Which is your car? 哪一辆是你的车？
• Which is your book? 哪一本是你的书？

结构2： 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + ...

• Which car is yours? 哪一辆车是你的？
• Which book is yours? 哪一本书是你的？
• Which book is good? 哪本书好？
• Which tourists are from Beijing? 哪些游客来自北京？

4.6 Where... 哪里

目前只有这一种结构

结构1： 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词

Where is/are +名词...？

• Where are you? 你在哪？
• Where is your mother? 你妈妈在哪？
• Where is your car? 你的车在哪？
• Where is it? 它在那里

4.7 简单句的句型结构

1. 主 + 谓 (Subject + Verb)
2. 主 + 谓 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Object)
3. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object)
4. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 (Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement)
5. 主 + 系 + 表 (Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative)

5. 名词 + Please 句型

用法： 用于点餐、购物、请求等场景，非常口语化

• My coat and my umbrella, please. (请把我的外套和雨伞给我。)
• A roast duck, please. (请来一只烤鸭。)
• This shirt, please. (我要这件衬衫。)
• Your ID card, please. / Tickets, please. (请出示您的身份证。/ 请出示票。)

6. 否定句 (Negative Sentences)

功能： 表达否定

构成： be 动词 + not

缩写形式：

• is not = isn't
• am not = 'm not (注意：无 "amn't" 的形式)
• are not = aren't

7. 冠词 (Articles)

概念： 用于名词前，相当于名词的"帽子"

分类与含义：

例句：

• There is a monk. (那有一个和尚。) -> 初次提到，不确定是哪个

• The monk is Jack. (那个和尚是 Jack。) -> 再次提到，双方都知道是谁

  初次出现，不了解，不确定，用不定冠词

  再次出现，了解了，确定了，用定冠词the

a 和 an 的区别：

• an + 以元音发音开头的单词

  • an egg, an orange, an hour

• a + 以辅音发音开头的单词

  • a car, a house, a university

特殊情况（通常不加冠词）：

• 国家（全称或缩写）、国籍、人名、城市名

  • I am from China.
  • I like Beijing.

8. Look at 、 See 、Listen to 、 wait for

Look at (看) + 名词

• 含义： 有意识地、主动地将视线投向某物，强调"看"的动作和行为，后面一般加名词
• 用法：look at + 名词
• 关键词： 主动、刻意、有目的

• 注意： 看人时，at 后面接宾格

  • Look at me/him/her.
  • Look at that man.

Look（看起来） + 形容词

look：看起来

I look bad 我看起来很糟糕

You look good 你看起来不错

They look ill 他们看起来生病了

They look cold 他们看起来很冷

The boy looks bad 这个男孩看起来不太好

See (看见)

• 含义： 视觉信息自然地、被动地进入眼睛，强调"看"的结果和能力
• 用法： 是及物动词，后直接接宾语 see something/someone
• 关键词： 被动、无意识、结果、能力

• 例句：

  • I see him in the street. (我在街上看见他了。)
  • Can you see the sign? (你能看见那个标志吗？)

核心区别：

• Look at 强调看的动作（可能还没看见）
• See 强调看的结果（已经看见了）

Can you see it?你能看得见吗？

Can you look at it?你能看一下吗？

Listen to (看见)

9. Come and... 过来...

Come and see it. 过来看它
Come and meet my Mom. 过来见我的妈妈
Come and do it. 过来做它
Come and meet our employee. 过来见我们的雇员
Come and have a drink. 过来喝一杯
Come and meet my friend. 过来见我的朋友

10. Here + 主语 + be/一般动词

It is here. = Here it is. 它在这儿
我在这：I am here = Here I am.
他在这：He is here = Here he is.
咱开始吧：Here we go...
它们在这：They are here = Here they are. (也可以表示"给你")

11. 名词单复数规则

规则变化：

1. 一般的名词 + s

   • a girl → girls
   • an officer → officers
   • a coat → coats
   • a boy → boys

2. 以s、sh、x、ch结尾的词 + es /iz/

   • a bus → buses
   • a box → boxes
   • a brush → brushes

3. 以f、fe结尾变f、fe 为 ves /vz/

   • a wife → wives
   • a shelf → shelves

4. 以o结尾和土豆、西红柿、黑人、英雄 + es /z/

   • a potato → potatoes
   • a tomato → tomatoes
   • a Negro → Negroes
   • a hero → heroes
   • go → goes
   • do → does
   • 规则：以o结尾有生命加es，其他+s

5. 辅音字母 + y结尾的名词，变 y 为 i + es /iz/

   • a baby → babies
   • a lady → ladies
   • a fly → flies

注意： 腿部以下的物品都是复数，做主语用are（如：shoes, pants, socks等）

不规则名词：

• man → men
• woman → women
• foot → feet 脚
• tooth /tuːθ/ → teeth /tiːθ/ 牙齿
• child → children /ˈtʃɪldrən/
• sheep → sheep 绵羊 (单复数一样)
• fish → fish 鱼 (单复数一样)

12. ...and... 又...又...

• Tired and thirsty 又累又渴
• Beautiful and kind 美丽又善良
• Tall and handsome 又高又帅
• Young and rich 又年轻又富有
• Tall, rich and handsome 高富帅

13. There be 句型

构成：There be（is，are）+地点

用法：中文的“有”有两种含义，一种是拥有（我有一本书），一种是存在（天上有一只鸟）

​ There be... 就是存在的意思

分类 There is... + 单数名词/不可数名词

​ There are... + 复数名词

翻译 There is one in my heart

​ 中文：那有一个人在我心里

​ 英语：我心里有一个人

就近原则：There is a table and four chairs

​ a table是单数，所以就近原则用is

There's an ice cream man. 那里有一个卖冰淇淋的人-9
There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书
There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有很多学生

结构： There + be + 名词 + 地点状语

14. 亲属关系

in-law 婚后亲属关系

• mother in-law 岳母/婆婆
• father in-law 岳父/公公
• sister in-law 嫂子/弟媳/小姑子等
• brother in-law 姐夫/妹夫/小叔子等

ex- 前任

• ex-girlfriend 前女友
• ex-boyfriend 前男友
• ex-wife 前妻
• ex-husband 前夫

step 后的，继的

• step mother 继母
• step father 继父
• step sister 同父异母/同母异父的姐妹
• step brother 同父异母/同母异父的兄弟

15. Give 给

后面接人称代词宾格形式：

• give me / her / him / them / us

例句：

• Give me the book. 把那本书给我
• Give him the pen. 把钢笔给他
• Give us some water. 给我们一些水

16. One / Ones 代词

One 单数

• the blue coat = the blue one
• the short girl = the short one
• I like the cheap one. 我喜欢便宜的那个
  当两个人知道谈论的是什么的时候，one就可以代表所指示的东西（单数）

Ones 复数

• I like the red coats = I like the red ones. 我喜欢红色的那些外套

17.介词 prep

介词：媒婆，连接两个词 或 词与句子

on（在...上面）

The book on the desk 翻译成 那本书在桌子上 是❌️的

由于on是介词，on后面的on the table被称为介词短语，介词短语是在修饰前面的名词 "the book"，所以需要倒着翻译

正确翻译：桌子上的那本书（短语，非句子）

• the cup on the table

  桌子上的那个本子

• the knife in the box

  盒子里的那把刀

• the man in the room

  房间里的那个人

如果要按顺序翻译，使用介词的句子中，需要加动词！！！

The book is on the desk 这本书在桌子上

The glass is on the table. 那个玻璃杯在桌子上

动词和介词不一定必须挨着

There is a shoe on the floor. 有一只鞋在地板上

in（在...里面）

The money in the bag 由于没有be动词，所以翻译成 包里的钱 （短语非句子）

The money is in the bag. 有了be动词，翻译成 钱在包里

拓展

恋爱：in love 固定短语，处于恋爱的状态

​ He is in love 他恋爱了

三合一 three in one

综合能力部 All in one

in+语言 用...语言说

​ Please speak in English 请用英语说

in+颜色 穿着...颜色的衣服

​ The girl is in the red 这个女孩穿着红色衣服

​ The girl in the red 穿着红色衣服的女孩

in cash 使用现金

​ pay in cash 使用现金支付

in the rain 冒雨

​ They walk in the rain 他们冒雨行走

in+月、季、年

in April

in summer

in 2019

in+地点（相对较大）

in Beijing

In China

我打算2026年去南极旅行

I‘m going to travel in the South Pole in 2026

北京冬天很冷

It's very cold in Beijing in winter 先说地点，再说季节

with （和...在一起）

人与人、人与物、物与物

• He is with his new grilfriend

​ 他和他的新女朋友在一起

• I am with my new sunglasses

  我戴着我的新墨镜

The house with a swimming pool （不带is）

带着游泳池的房子

The house is with a swimming pool

这个房子带着游泳池

the girl with her friends.

和她的朋友一起的那个女孩

The girl is with her friends.

那个女孩和她的朋友在一起

across （穿过...）

over （跨越、上方）

between (在...之间)

只能表示两者之间

between A and B

The lady is between her daughter and her friend 这位女士在她的女儿和朋友之间

Come between 9:00-10:00 9-10点之间来

just between you and me ，don't tell others 天知地知，你知我知

along (沿着)

We are driving along the man road

我们 沿着 主路 行驶

into(进入)

I come into the bedroom我进入到了房间

I jump into the water 我跳到了水里

of (属于)

一般表示没有生命的东西，倒着说

• the photo of my school 我学校的照片
• the name of the song 这首歌的名字
• the color of my car 我的车的颜色
• the window of the room 这房间的窗户

举例

那只小狗的名字

The dog's name 由于小狗有生命，所以用 's

那本书的颜色

the colour of the book

我妈妈的手提包

My mother's handbag

那位男士的妻子

the man's wife

他们的教室

their classroom

世界(的)地图

the map of the world

我们的老师

our teacher

那部电影的名字

the name of the movie

我老板的办公室

My boss's office

beside(在...的旁边)

There is a bed table beside the bed

off(离开)

turn off 关掉

take off 脱掉

drive off 开走

jump off 跳离

for

我们可以把 “for” 的核心功能理解为：建立一种“指向性”的关联。这种关联不是物理上的方向（那是 “to”），而更像是为了一个目标、一个原因、一个人或一段时间。

• 为了...某人而... It's for you
• 对于某人来说... Math is so difficult for me
• 表原因... What are you sorry for?

18. Some 一些

Some + 复数名词/不可数名词

• some books 一些书
• some water 一些水
• some students 一些学生
• some money 一些钱

19.Here they are / Here it is / Here you are

20.What must I do? 我该干什么？

​ What must I say \ read \ clean...? 我该 说/读/打扫 什么？

​ Where must I go \ live \ stay...? 我该 去/住/暂住 哪里？

​ Who must I meet \ love \ invite? 我该 见/爱/邀请 谁呢？

​ Which must I like \ take \ find? 我该 喜欢/拿/找 哪一个呢？

21.祈使句

祈使句：用来表示命令、请求、建议等、

没有主语、动词打头、

• 表示命令：动词原型+...

  Shut the door.

• 表示请求：please+动词原型+...

  Please give it to me. 请把它给我

• 表示建议：Let's+动词原型+...

  Lte's go, OK?

Be careful

be+非动词（adj prep n ...）

Be happy! 要开心哦

Be good!

Be early! 要早点哦

Be here! 就待在这哦

Be a good boy! 要做个好孩子啊

22.现在进行时

时间：现在

时态：进行

此时此刻正在做的事

结构：主语 + is/am/are + doing

变疑问句 is/am/are + 主语 + doing

特殊疑问句

• What is she doing？ 她在干什么？ She is teaching她在教学
• Where is she teaching?她在哪儿教？ She is teaching in the classroom 她在教室里教
• What is she teaching?她在教什么？ She is teaching math. 她在教数学

动词-ing的构成规则（拼写注意事项）

绝大多数动词直接加 -ing，但有以下特殊情况需要特别注意：

特别注意：

• 双写规则是难点。关键是“重读闭音节”，即单词末尾三个字母的结构是“辅音+元音+辅音”并且这个音节重读。

  • 例如：begin（重音在第二个音节gin上），符合规则，所以是 beginning。
  • 反例：open（结尾是辅音+元音+辅音，但重音在第一个音节o上），所以是 opening，不双写。
• 部分动词如 travel, cancel 等，英式英语双写 (travelling, cancelling)，美式英语不双写 (traveling, canceling)。

23.What about...? ...怎么样？

• 反问

  I am a teacher. What about you? 我是一个老师，你呢？

  I am learning English. What about you?我正在学英语，你呢？

• 提议

  I want rice. What about you? 我想要一个rice，你呢？

24.他正穿过那片草地

​ He is acrossing the grass. across是介词，所以是错误的❌️

​ He is going across the grass

​ going去 walking走 running跑

• He is walking across the grass.

  • 解析： 他正在走过草地。这是最自然、最常用的说法。

• He is running across the grass.

  • 解析： 他正在跑过草地。强调速度快。

25.It's running after a cat

​ run after 追赶，它正在追赶一只猫

26.描述天气

It's + 天气形容词 + in + 地点/时间

It + 天气形容词 + in + 地点/时间

what's the weather like in spring? 春天的天气怎么样？

炎热的 hot

寒冷的 cold

缓和的 warm

凉爽的 cool

晴朗 sunny \ clear

阵雨 rain showers

小雪 light snow

冰冻 freeze

大部多云 mostly cloudy

局部有风 partly windy

飓风 hurricane

雾霾 smoggy / haze

暴雨洪灾 rain and flood

沙尘暴 sandstorm

What's the climate like?

like 像...一样 气候像什么一样？ -> 气候怎么样？

四月和五月会下雨。 It's rainy in April and May

rain 下雨 rainy 雨天的

snow 下雪 snowy 雪天的

v adj

直接用动词也可以，It rains in April and May

What's sth./sb. like ?

What's her boyfriend like? 她男朋友怎么样？

What's your boss like? 你的老板怎么样？

How's sth./sb. ?

How's the climate? 气候怎么样？

How's the weather? 天气怎么样？

How's her boyfriend? 她男朋友怎么样？

How's your boss? 你的老板怎么样？

What's the climate like in...+ 国家、城市、季节、月份？

How's the climate in...+ 国家、城市、季节、月份？ 这两句意思几乎一样

27.wait for... 等待...

wait for me 等等我

28.动词分类

连系动词

She is beautiful

情态动词

can + 动词，且原形

可以吗？

Can you...?

Can she...?

Can he...?

Can we...?

Can they...?

你能帮我吗？Can you help me?

他可以做这事吗？Can he do it?

我们可以一起有用吗？Can we swim together?

Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗？ No thanks Yes please

Can't wait！ 快点说吧

I can't help 没法子！

Can you give me a hand?你可以搭把手帮个忙吗？

must + 动词，且原形

you must do it

must call me 必须打电话给我

mustn't=must not，否定句直接给must后面加not

you mustn't call me 你禁止给我打电话

Must I remember the telephone number 我必须要记住这个电话号码吗？

Must he go home now 他现在必须回家吗？ he go home ，home是副词，所以不用加to，直接放到动词后面即可

Must she see the doctor? 她必须去看医生吗？

You mustn't sleep now. 你现在不准睡觉 You mustn't sleep at the moment

实义动词

I wash my hands

助动词

She is running 现在进行is是助动词，is running是一个整体

29.短语

30.副词

功能：

之前学过的形容词用来修饰名词比如 a busy day, a pretty girl...

副词：修饰 adj. / v. / adv

• 修饰adj

  I am tired -> I am very tired - I am so tired - I am too tired - I am awfully tired

• 修饰v.

  I love you -> I love you very much(very much修饰love) - I love you deeply

副词的位置：通常情况 ，形前动后

​ I am very tired very修饰形容词tired，放在形容词前面

​ I swim well well修饰动词swim，放在动词后面

副词种类

地点副词：here there home

频率副词：always often sometimes

时间副词：today yesterday

方式副词：slowly suddenly quickly

​ 形容词变副词

​ 1、一般直接加 ly，如quickly

​ 2、辅+y结尾，变y为i + ly，如lazy - lazily happy - happily

​ 3、以 ll 结尾，直接+ y 如fully

​ 4、复印+le，e变y 如 able-ably single - singly

​ 5、元音+e结尾，去e + ly true-truly

lovely可爱的 deadly致命的 friendly友好的 ，这三个单词虽然以 ly 结尾，但都是形容词

hard

hard work 艰苦的工作

work hard 努力地工作

best 最adv、最好的adj

Green is my favorite colour. 绿色是我最喜欢的颜色

I like green best 我最喜欢绿色

Beijing is my favorite city 北京是我最喜欢的城市

I like Beijing best 我最喜欢北京

Spring is his favorite season春天是他最喜欢的季节

He likes spring best和最喜欢春天

Chinese is her favorite language.中文是她最喜欢的语言

She likes Chinese best 她最喜欢中文

频率副词

never 从不 用在一般现在时/现在完成时

seldom

sometimes 有时候

often 经常

usually 通常

always 总是

频率副词的位置

通常情况在 实义动词的前面。情态动词、系统词后面

He can never sleep 他从不睡觉 放在情态动词can的后面

She is seldon ill 她很少生病 放在系统词后面

He always loves her 她很爱她 放在动词前面

31.一般将来时

• 何时用

  预先计划和打算要做的事

• 固定结构

  主 + is/am/are + going to

  is /am /are 是助动词，going to是固定搭配

• 注意事项

  主 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原型

  主 + is/am/are + going to + 地点名词

  主 + is/am/are +going to be + 非动词

  ​ 我打算两点到那 I am going to be there at two.

  ​ 他打算成为一名医生 He is going to be a docter.

  ​ 我打算下周忙起来 I am going to be busy next week.

  ​ 他计划这周末待在家里 He is going to be at home this weekend.

  ​ 他们打算以后在北京 They are going to be in Beijing

• be going to 句型的疑问句和否定

  疑问：be提前

  ​ 她打算周末去游泳吗？ Is she going to swim this weekend.

  否定：be + not

  ​ 她不打算周末去游泳。She is not going to swim this weekend.

英语口语会将 going to 变成 gonna 美/ˈɡənə/

举例：

​ 我打算周末去游泳

​ I am going to swim this weekend

​ 我打算买一辆新车

​ I am going to buy a new car.

​ 我们打算去上海

​ We are going to Shanghai.

32.in front of / in the front of

in front of 表示两个物体分开，In the front of 表示在某个物体内部的前面（靠前位置）

33.说不

is not / am not / are not

Don't(Do not) + v.动词

No + n.

34.What are you going to do with...

你打算怎么处理...？

• 你打算怎么处理这些旧书 What are you going to do with the old books?

35.Give it to me 主谓宾宾

You give the vase to me

主 谓 宾 宾

双宾语：give给予 \ show展示 \ take带给 \ teach教授

You give the vase to me

You give me the vase

the vase: sth. me: sb.

give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

I give some money to him = I give him some money

I give a flower to my mother = I give my mother a flower

I give some new books to them = I give them some new books

I show my new cat to him = I show him my new car

I teach English to her = I teach her English

36.不可数名词

不可数的、不可计算的名词

1、液体状东西

​ water tea coffee milk beer

2、物质名词

​ soap gold

3、抽象名词

​ love friendship anger

4、无法计算

​ work homework rice rain

用法

1、前面不可以加one two three

2、前面不可以加a an

3、后面不可以加s，永远是单数

量词搭配

a loaf of bread 一条 面包 /loʊf/

a bar of soap 一块 肥皂

a bottle of cola 一瓶可乐

a pound of sugar 一磅糖 /paʊnd/

half a pound of... 半磅 /hæf/

a quarter of ... 四分之一

a quarter of a pound of...四分之一磅 /ˈkwɔːrtər/

a tin of cola 一罐可乐

a piece of bread 一片面包 /piːs/

a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two cups of coffee

a spoon of sugar 一勺糖

What's in it?里面是什么

what's on it? 上面是什么？

What's under it? 下面是什么？

What over it？ 上面是什么？

What's behind it? 后面是什么

37.some / any

1、

some/any + 复数或不可数名词时表示一些

some用在肯定句

any用在否定，疑问句中。

2、但在表请求、建议的疑问句中使用some

Can you lend me some money?你可以借我点钱吗？

Would you like to drink some tea?你想喝点茶吗？

3、

some + 单数名词， “某一”

any + 单数名词，"任意"

Some day, He can be some one 某一天，他可能成为个人物

You can buy it in any supermarket 你可以在任何一个超市买到

39.数字

1. one - /wʌn/
2. two - /tuː/
3. three - /θriː/
4. four - /fɔːr/
5. five - /faɪv/
6. six - /sɪks/
7. seven - /ˈsev.ən/
8. eight - /eɪt/
9. nine - /naɪn/
10. ten - /ten/

11.eleven - /ɪˈlev.ən/

12.twelve - /twelv/

13.thirteen - /ˌθɜːrˈtiːn/

14.fourteen - /ˌfɔːrˈtiːn/

15.fifteen - /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

16.sixteen - /ˌsɪkˈstiːn/

17.seventeen - /ˌsev.ənˈtiːn/

18.eighteen - /ˌeɪˈtiːn/

19.nineteen - /ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/

20.twenty - /ˈtwen.ti/

30.thirty

40.forty

50.fifty

60.sixty

70.seventy

80.eighty

90.ninety

twenty-one 21 thirty-six 36 fifty-seven 57 sixty-nine 69 eighty-six 86

100.one hundred

200.two hundred

236 two hundred and thirty-six

542 five hundred and forty-two

807 eight hundred and seven

1000 one thousand

2000 two thousand

1423 one thousand four hundred and twenty-three

10000 ten thousand

20000 twenty thousand

50000 fifty thousand

80000 eighty thousand

21'423 twenty-one thousand four hundred and twenty-three

39.2 月份序数词

第一 first 1st

第二second 2nd

第三 third 3rd

第四 fourth 4th

第五 fifth 5th

第六 sixth 6th

第七seventh 7th

第八 eighth 8th

第九 ninth

第十 tenth

第十一 eleventh

第十二 twelfth

第十三 thirteenth

第十四 fourteenth

第十五 fifteenth

第十六 sixteenth

第十七 seventeenth

第十八 eighteenth

第十九 nineteenth

第二十 twentieth

第二十一 twenty-first 21st

第二十二 twenty-second 22nd

第二十三 twenty-third 23rd

第二十四 twenty-fourth 24th

第二十五 twenty-fifth 25th

第二十六 twenty-sixth

第二十七 twenty-seventh

第二十八 twenty-eighth

第二十九 twenty-ninth

第三十 thirtieth

第三十一 thirty-first

40.情态动词

1、概念：表示情感、态度

You must go out!

Can you please stand up?

2、包括：can、must、may...

3、用法：+动词，且原形

4、没有人称和数的变化

She is... She can...

He is... He can...

It is... It can...

I am... I can...

They are... They can...

5、疑问句：情感动词提前

He can read it. Can he read it?

He can do it. Can he do it?

6、否定句

can - can't = cannot

must - mustn't(禁止) = must not don't need to 不必

may - may not

41.next door在隔壁\与...相邻

She is next door to us 她与我们相邻

There is a school next door to the park 学校和公园相邻 / 学校的隔壁是公园

next-door adj.隔壁的

The next-door girl is very beautiful隔壁的女孩很漂亮

42.双动词

我喜欢踢足球（play football）

I like playing football

我喜欢开车（drive）

I like driving

want

我想买一辆新车（buy）

I want to buy a new car

我想开车

I want to drive

我想去游泳

I want to swim

43.实义动词疑问 否定/ DO

Are they + 形容词/名词/介词/副词...

一般疑问句：be+形容词/名词/介词/副词...

否定句：They are not +形容词/名词/介词/副词...

实义动词疑问句：Do + 动词

Do you like coffee?

Do you want any sugar?

Do you sepan English?

Do you eat breakfast?

否定句 Do not + 动词

I don't like coffee

拓展

Do you want any sugar?

Yes, please.

Do you want any milk?

No, thank you.

I don't like milk in my coffee 我不喜欢咖啡里加牛奶

I don't like sugar in my coffee 我喜欢在我的咖啡里加糖

一、Don't 和 Doesn't (用于否定实义动词)

规则：看主语

核心记忆口诀： 有“动”用 do/does，三单用 does，非三用 do。

二、Not (用于否定系动词、情态动词等)

规则：放在要否定的词后面

三、对比总结与快速决策树

1. 看句子核心动词：

   • 如果句子动词是 like, live, work, speak, play, eat 等实义动词 → 用 don't / doesn't。
   • 如果句子动词是 am, is, are 或 can, will, should 等 → 用 not。

44.一般现在时

1、何时用？

​ A、经常的状态；

​ B、习惯的动作；

​ C、真理（客观事实）

2、结构？

​ A、经常的状态 主语 + is/am/are +非动词

​ B、习惯的动作 主语+ v.（实意动词）

​ C、真理 主语 + is/am/are +非动词 主语+ v.（实意动词）

​ The earth is round 地球是圆的

​ The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起来

3、动词？

​ 主语 + v.（动词）

​ 主语为非三单 + 动词原型

​ 主语为三单 + 动词 s/es

4、疑问句？否定句？

​ 实义动词非三单

​ 陈述句They drink beer every night.

​ 疑问句Do they drink beer every night? 非三单用Do提问

​ 否定句 They don't drink beer every night

​ 实义动词三单

​ 陈述句He loves his girlfriend very much.

​ 疑问句Dose he love his girlfriend very much? 三单用Does提问，动词用原型(Does已经体现了三单)

​ 否定句He doesn't love his girlfriend very much

45.sometimes sometime

1、sometimes 有时，频率副词

​ He is sometimes late

2、sometime 某时，副词

​ I hope to see you again sometime 我希望某时能看到你

3、some time 一段时间

​ It takes me some time to get there 到那那件事需要我一段时间

46.方向

在北方 in the north

在东方 in the east

在南方 in the south

在西方 in the west

在...的西方 in the west of...

在中国的西方 In the west of China

47.时间 年份 and 介词 am pm

5:00 five

7:06 seven o six

12:08 twelve o eight

3:10 three ten

6:15 six fifteen

5:42 five fouty-two

12:55 twelve fifty-five

past-过

7:30 half pass seven / thirty pass seven

10:15 a quarter past ten

to-差

7:30 half to eight / thirty pass eight

加介词情况

表示时间的词是名词

at+点

on+天

in+月、季、年

（早上、中午、下午、晚上 都用 in the + 时间）

不需要加介词的情况

today \ tomorrow \ yesterday

this... \ that... \ next... \ last...

a.m. 0:00 - 12:00 in the morning

p.m. 12:00 - 24:00 in the afternoon

国外先说最小时间，比如8月12日，星期2，上午十点

at 10 a.m. on Tuesday, August 12th

时间需要at，而星期和日期都是天，所以加一个on

1983 nineteen eighty-three

1912 nineteen twelve

1995 nineteen ninety-five

2000 two thousand

2003 two thousand three

2008 two thousand eight

2012 two thousand twelve

2015 two thousand fifteen

2023 two thousand twenty-three

1998年 in 1998

蛇年 the year of the snake

猪年 the year of the pig

猴年 the year of the monkey

今年 this year

去年 last year

今年是猪年，去年是猴年 It is the year of the pig, It was the year of the dog

48.居住、停留、到达、去....

live 居住、生活

live + at 比较小的地方，如某大街某门牌号

live + in 比较大的地方，如西安 中国 陕西

stay 待在、停留（短暂停留）

stay + at 比较小的地方 stay at home

stay + in 比较大的地方 stay in Beijing

arrive 到达

arrive + at 达到比较小的地方

arrive + in 达到比较大的地方

He arrives at the classroom early

I arrive in Shanghai late

48.home

home是副词adv

go home

arrive home

come home

49.一家人

the Tom family = The Toms 姓Tom的一家人

50.路 区

The Sawyer family live at 87 King Street Sawyer一家人住在国王街87号

地址：小-大

海淀路9号 9 Haidian Road

海淀区海淀路9号 9 Haidian Road ，Haidian District

北京市海淀区海淀路9号 9 Haidian Road，Haidian District，Beijing

北京市朝阳区幸福街4号 four，Xingfu Street，Chaoyang District，Beijing

西安市未央区三桥街天台路88号 88 Tiantai Road，Sanqiao Street，Weiyang District，Xian

路 Road

街道 Street

区 District

51.一般现在 与 现在进行时区别

结构不同

一般现在： 主语 + is\am\are 或者 主语 + v

现在进行： 主语 + is\am\are + doing

时间状态不同

一般现在：every、always、usually、often、sometimes

现在进行：now、at the moment

52.乘坐...去某地

on foot走路

by bike骑自行车

by bus 乘公交车

by car 坐小汽车

by train 坐火车

by air 坐飞机 by plane

The children go to school by car every day

How do you go to school? 你是怎么去学校的？

I go to school by bus 我乘坐公交车去学校

53.have

54.买东西

I want some.... 我想要一些...

Do you have any...? 你有没有...？

n. + please

55.else？

56.feel

感觉 feel + 形容词

I fell bag 我感觉不好

You fell good 你感觉很好

They fell ill 他们感觉生病了

We fell cold 我们感觉很冷

56.生病询问及表达

总结表格

记忆口诀

小病加 a 别忘记，
慢病不加是惯例。
头痛牙痛也要 a，
英美 flu 要注意。

询问怎么了？得了某病？

What's the matter with sb.?

​ What's the matter with Tom? Tom怎么了

Does /do sb. have (a/an) + 症状或疾病

​ Does Tom have a cold? Tom感冒了吗？

Sb. have/has (a/an) + 症状或疾病

​ Tom has a cold. Tom感冒了

​ The children have a cold 孩子们感冒了

Sb. must do sth.

​ Tom must see a doctor

What's the matter with Helen?

Does she have a stomach ache?

No, she doesn't have a stomach ache.

She has a headache

She must have an aspirin

57.打电话给某人

call sb.

phone sb.

give sb. a call

58.play with 玩弄，摆弄某物，玩某物

play with sb.

play with matches 摆弄火柴

Don't play with matches 不要玩火柴

59.yet

1.还、仍

not...yet

I am not home yet我还没有回家

She mustn't get up yet 她还不能起床

The teacher is not here yet 老师还没有到

Jimmy isn't better yet Jimmy还没有好转

Not yet还没

2.到现在为止

否定和疑问句

一般现在&现在完成

Have your mechanics finished yet?

60.don't need to

不必... ，不需要

You don't need to say thanks tome

61.for + 时间段，长达

You must stay in bed for another two day. 你必须再卧床两天 （another是另外的两天的意思）

I must stay in Beijing for another three mouths 我必须再呆在北京三个月

I must study English for another two years 我必须再学两年英语

I must take a rest for another 10 minutes 我必须再休息十分钟

62.take 和 eat

“take”通常指“把…放进嘴里”这个动作（不一定嚼或咽），而“eat”指“咀嚼和吞咽”的完整过程。

Take （服用/吃下/拿取）：

• 重点： 强调“放进嘴里”或“摄入”这个动作。
• 语境： 常用于吃药（因为这是一个摄入动作，不一定需要咀嚼），或者用于礼貌用语（表示接受食物）。

• 例句：

  • Take this medicine three times a day. （这个药一天吃三次。）（这里是“服用”）
  • Let's go out to take a meal. （我们出去吃顿饭吧。）（这里是比较书面的表达“进餐”）

Eat （吃）：

• 重点： 强调“咀嚼、吞咽、享受食物”的过程。
• 语境： 最通用的词，用于绝大部分日常吃东西的场景。

• 例句：

  • I want to eat an apple. （我想吃个苹果。）（强调把苹果嚼碎咽下去的过程）

  • We eat at the school cafeteria. （我们在学校食堂吃饭。）（日常表达）

    使用场景的对比 （何时用哪个？）

关于“Have”

在口语中，“Have” 是一个万能词，它很多时候可以替代 Take 或 Eat。

• Have lunch （吃午饭）
• Have a pill （吃药）
• Have an apple （吃苹果）

总结：
如果你想表达“把食物送进嘴里”，用 Take；
如果你想表达“把食物嚼碎咽下去”，用 Eat；
在吃饭/用餐场景下，最安全、最自然的词是 Have。

63.enjoy 玩的开心

en-使得

I enjoy my holiday 我假期过得很愉快。 (过得愉快、玩得开心)

I enjoy the song every day (喜欢)

Enjoy your holiday 享受你的假期

Enjoy your class 祝你上课愉快

Enjoy your dinner 祝你晚宴愉快

Have a nice day 祝你今天愉快

64.反身代词

何时用？

1、强调主语&宾语

​ He himself sent me a gift 他（亲自）送了我一个礼物

​ I see Obama himself 我看到了奥巴马（本人）

2、不言而喻的宾语

​ Enjoy yourself (祝你)玩的开心

3、用法

​ A、介词 + 反身代词

​ by oneself 独自、依靠自己

​ I'm going to swim by myself 我要独自去游泳了

​ He's going to learn English by himself 他要独自去学英语了

​ between oneself 私下

​ B、动词+反身代词

​ enjoy oneself 玩的开心、过得愉快

​ They always enjoy themselves他们总是玩的很开心

​ help oneself 随意

​ help yourselves,please 大家请随意吧

65.must\can + be +非动词

You must be home 你必须回家 由于没有动词，用be代替

He can be here for a long time 他能够在这里呆很久（He can stay here for a long time）

They must be here at 9:00 他们必须九点到这里

66.回家

be home

get home

come home

arrive home

67. be absent from... 缺席...

be absent from (meeting \ school \ work \ class...)

He is absent today 他今天没来

He is absent from school today 他今天没有来学习

68.spend 度过、花费

spend + 时间 + 地点

He spend two days in Beijing 他在北京度过两天时间/他在北京花费了两天时间

(He stays in Beijing for tow days)

spend强调时间的利用，stay强调相处的状态

He spends two weeks with his girlfriend

69.一般过去时

1、何时用？

​ A、过去经常的状态；

​ B、过去习惯的动作；

2、结构？

​ A、过去经常的状态 主语 + was\were +非动词

​ is am --> was

​ are --> were

​ B、过去习惯的动作 主语+ v.（did）

​ 动词过去时的变化

​ 1）一般情况+ed， call -- called air -- aired

​ 2）以字母e结尾+d，live -- lived love--loved

​ 3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为 i +ed try -- tried study -- studied

​ 4）辅+元+辅，将辅音字母双写 + ed stop -- stopped

​ 提问

​ did + 动词原型？

​ 否定

​ didn't + 动词原型

say --> said

70.at 和in

71.on the way

on the way to + 地点 = 在去……的路上

如果后面是 home/there/here 等副词，不加 to：

✅ on the way home（回家路上）
❌ on the way to home

72.time 次数

one time = once

two time = twice

three times

73.say

say hello to sb. 问好

say good-bye to sb. 道别

He said good-bye to me yesterday 他昨天像我道别了

He said hello to me yesterday 他昨天向我问好了

74.昨天、前天、前天早晨、明天、后天

昨天 yesterday

昨天早晨 yesterday morning

昨天下午 yesterday afternoon

昨天夜里 last night

前天 the day before yesterday

前天早晨 the day before yesterday in the morning

前天下午 the day before yesterday in the afternoon

前天夜里 the night before last(night)

明天 tomorrow

明天早上 tomorrow morning

明天下午 tomorrow afternoon

明天傍晚 tomorrow evening

明天晚上 tomorrow night

后天 the day after tomorrow

后天早上 the day after tomorrow in the morning

后天下午 the day after tomorrow in the afternoon

后天傍晚 the day after tomorrow in the evening

后天夜里 the night after next(night)

75.电话用语常用表达

你好！我是Venus

Hello. It's Venus \ This is Venus

请问李先生在吗？

Is Mr. Lee in? / Is Mr. Lee there?

请问您是哪位？

Who is calling please?

我是他的朋友，Venus

It's his friend, Venus

请稍等

Please hold on

对不起他去开会了

Sorry，He is in a meeting

那好吧，请让他一会给我打过来好吗？

OK，tell him to call me later.

好的

OK，Bye

76.speak say

speak 说话的能力；语言

say 说话的内容

对某人说 say to sb. speak to sb.

77.句子组织的5步骤

谁？ 主语

干了什么？ 谓语+宾语

如何干的？ 方式状语

在哪干的？ 地点状语

何时干的？ 时间状语

78.她对...不是很了解 very well

She does not know London very well 她对伦敦不是很了解

He doesn't know Beijing very well 他对北京不是很了解

I know Shanghai very well 我对上海非常了解

79.lose one's way 迷路

one‘s 某人的

They don't know New York, so they lost their way

80.问路

Excuse me, Can you tell me the way to ...?

Excuse me. Do you know the way to...?

Excuse me. How can I get to...?

Excuse me. Where is ... please?

左转 turn left

右转 turn right

直行 go straight / go down

交叉路口 crossing / intersection

81.ago

ago adv.以前

a week \ a month \ a year ... ago

只能放在一般过去时态中

82.un

1、形容词前

​ happy - unhappy

​ clean - unclean

​ easy - uneasy

​ tidy - untidy

​ certain - uncertain

​ comfortable - uncomfortable

2、名词前

​ truth - untruth

3、动词前

​ cut - uncut adj.(未剪辑的)

​ lock - unlock v.

​ dress - undress v.

83.appointment

have an appointment with... 和...有约

I have an appointment with the doctor at 10:30 10:30我和医生有个预约

84.否定疑问句

1、构成

​ 一般疑问句的疑问词+not的缩略式

​ Are you ok? Aren't you ok?

​ Do you know that? Don't you know that

​ Can you wait? Can't you wait?

2、何时用？

​ A、表达强调

​ Aren't you lucky? 你可真幸运吗

​ B、表达情绪

​ Don't you love me? 你不爱我吗？

3、翻译：难道，难道不...

4、组织步骤

​ 1、变：一般疑问句+not缩略式

​ 难道她不漂亮吗

​ Is she beautiful? 她漂亮吗？

​ Isn't she beautiful? +not变难道她不漂亮吗？

​

​ 难道她没有男朋友吗？

​ Does she have a boyfriend? 她又男朋友吗？

​ Doesn't she have a boyfriend? 难道她没有男朋友吗？

​

​ 难道你昨天没去约会？

​ Did you have a date yesterday?

​ Didn't you have a date yesterday?

​ 2、直接说：（先看词性，再看人称）

​ 难道你不懂吗？

​ 懂，是动词（用do 或 does）。你是第二人称（用do）。

​ Don't you understand?

​ 难道他不帅？

​ 没有动词（用 am is are），他是第三（用is）

​ Isn't he cool?

85.want

want + n. 想要某物

I want a new car 我想要一辆新车

want + to do

I want to buy a new car 我想要买一辆新车

86.shopping

​ 去购物：go shopping

​ 购物商场：a shopping mall

​ 看橱窗：window shopping

87.need

need + n. 需要某物

I need some money 我需要一些钱

need + to + v

I need to borrow some money 我需要借一些钱

88.have

实义动词

A、拥有

​ I have a close friend in Beijing

B、have与生病

​ have a cold

​ have a headache

​ have a toothache

​ have a fever 发烧

C、吃、喝、玩、乐、做......

​ have a bath 洗澡（泡澡）

​ have a shower 洗澡（淋浴）

​ 游泳 have a swim

​ 理发 have a haircut

​ 聚会 have a party

​ 度假 have a holiday

​ 玩的开心 have a good time

​ 上课 have a lesson （学生去听老师上课）

​ 抽根烟吧 have a cigarette

​ 休息一下吧 have a rest

​ 喝一杯吧 have a drink

​ 吃早餐 have breakfast 早餐不可数，不加a

​ 吃午餐 have lunch

​ 吃晚餐 have dinner

​ 喝茶 have tea

​ 吃一顿饭 have a meal

​ (过来)看一看 have a look

​ I want to have a look at your new car 我想要看一看你的新车

​ 试一试 have a try

​ 尝一尝 have a taste

​ Can I have a taste of your cheese?

助动词

主语+have（has）+done

1、have = have got 拥有 I've got = I have

​ I have two sisters = I have got two sisters

2、has = has got had = had got

​ She has a new boyfriend = She has got a new boyfriend

3、don't have = haven't got

​ I don't have any time = I haven't got any time

4、doesn't have = hasn't got

​ She doesn't have a good friend = She hasn't got a good friend

5、Do you have...? = Have you got...?

​ Do you have any money? = Have you got any money?

6、Does she have...? = Has she got...?

​ Does she have a boyfriend = Has she got a boyfriend

89.make

I'm making a shopping list 我正在写一张购物清单

make

A、What make is it? 品牌

B、make the bed 整理

C、make a bookcase 制作

D、make some tea 沏茶

90.很多

a lot of 很多（可数/不可数）

many 很多（可数）

much 很多（不可数）

a lot of - 肯定句

91.at all

一点也不、根本不、否定句

92.much / many / any 用法对比表

93.xxx来了

老张来了 Lao Zhang is here

我回来了 I'm here / I'm home

94.then

then - 然后

then - 那么

Then no 那就算了吧

95.各种烹饪大法

fry 油炸

roast 烘烤

bake 烘焙（面包）

grill 用（烤架）烤

simmer 炖

steam 蒸

mash 捣碎

boil 煮熟

mince 绞碎

shell 剥皮

slice 切片

96.现在完成时

截止现在已经完成

主语 + has\have +done

过去分词 - done

​ 动词过去分词的变化规则

​ 1）一般情况+ed， call -- called air -- aired

​ 2）以字母e结尾+d，live -- lived love--loved

​ 3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为 i +ed try -- tried study -- studied

​ 4）最后三个字母辅+元+辅，将辅音字母双写 + ed stop -- stopped

陈述句

疑问句

have \ has 提前

否定句

have \ has + not

never

I have never left 我从未离开

I have never... 现在完成的否定形式

现在完成&一般过去

A、结构

​ 现在完成：主语 + have(has) +done

​ 一般过去：主语 + was\were\did

B、用法

​ 现在完成：过去发生，影响现在

​ 一般过去：过去发生，与现在无关

C、时间状语：

​ 现在完成：just already before（以前） never（从来没有） ever（任何时间） yet 含糊

​ 一般过去：yesterday last... ...ago just now 具体

D、语用功能

​ 现在完成：引起话题

​ 一般过去：具体谈论

​ Have you ever had a girlfriend?

​ Yes

​ When did you have your girlfriend?你什么时候认识有女朋友的？

​ Where did you meet her?你在哪里遇见她的？

​ How did you meet her? 你怎么认识她的？

用法2

表持续（未完成）

时间状语：since自从 for

​ since + 时间段 自从

​ for + 时间段 长达

97.already、 just

already

已经

一般放在肯定句、疑问句中

位置：通常在done前

He has already had a bath 他已经洗完澡了

I have already had my lesson 我已经上完课了

Have you already done your homework? 你已经完成你的作业了吗？

Have you already had a swim

just

正好

一般放在肯定句中

位置：通常在have\has后

He has just had a bath 他刚刚洗完澡

I have just had my lesson 我刚刚上完课

98.西方节假日

New Year's Day 新年

Valentine's Day 情人节（Feb.14th）

Easter Day 复活节

April Fool's Day 愚人节（Apr.1st）

Halloween 万圣节（Nov.1st）

Thanksgiving Day 感恩节

Christmas Day 圣诞节（Dec.25th）

99.巴黎之春

Paris in the spring

100.Have you just been to the cinema?

A、just 刚刚（现在完成）

​ just now 刚刚（一般过去）

B、been：

​ 他在那：He is there

​ 他已经在那了：He has been there

​ 主语 + have\has + been +非动词

​ 他一直以来都是个好学生

​ He has always been a good student

​ 我一直都很忙

​ I have been busy

been to：去过

gone to：去了

口语句型：

​ Have you ever been to...? 你去过...吗？ （名词）

101.What's on?

上映了什么？

What's on the cinema?

What's on the radio?

What's on the television?

102.It rained all the time

all the time：一直

103.try one's best to... 尽某人最大的努力...

• try to do：尽力/尝试去做

one‘s - my \ his \ her \ our \ their

He tried his best to study English 他尽他最大的努力学习英语

I tried my best to forget him 我尽我最大的努力忘记他

104.I'm still working on it

Have you finished Book 1?

Not yet. I'm still working on it 没呢，正学着呢~

Have you had a girlfriend?

Not yet, I'm still working on it 没呢，正努力着呢

105.bring 、 take

bring 带来

take 带走

106.since

自从

A、since + 时间点

​ She has been in Beijing since 2004 她自从2004年一直待在北京

B、since + n

​ She hasn't been out since the accident她自从车祸后就没有出去

107.because

A、because of + n.\pron

​ Because of you

B、because + 句子

​ Because it faced to the south因为他朝南

108.花费

主语是人 + spend

主语是物 + cost\take cost主要花钱 take主要花时间

spend + 时间 +地点

spend + 时间 + with sb.

spend + 钱 + on sth.\sb. 花费所有的钱在...上

be + worth

109、Women always have the last word

女人总是最后说了算

have the last word 说了算，最后拍板

My mom has the last word in my family我们家我妈说了算

I have the last word now 现在我说了算

110.购物

去购物 go shopping

逛街 window shopping

网购 online shopping

商城 a department store

购物中心 a shopping mall

打折 discount

刷卡 use my card

问 Can I help you?

答 I want a ... please

问 May I have a try? 我能试一下吗？

​ Can I have a try?

答 Sure

Is that ok? 可以吗

Do you have a small\large size?

It's too large\small for me 这个对我来说太 大/小 了

How much is it?

It's....

Is there any discount? 有折扣吗？
Can I use my credit card?

111.move

move 搬家

move to... 搬到...

move into... 搬进...

112.一般将来时态

主语 + will + v.(原型)

主语 + will + be. + 非动词

疑问句： will提前

否定句 will + not

be going to 强调 马上、客观、预先计划

表将来的其他结构：

A、be about to即将

​ We are about to leave 我们要走了

​ He is about to finish his study 他即将完成他的学业

B、be + to do 指按计划或安排将要发生某时

​ We are to meet at the zoo 我们约定在动物园见面

​ The football match is to play at 8:00 today 今天足球比赛将在8点举行

113.向某人问候

regards 问候、致意

Please send him my regards 请代我向她问好

Please give your mother my regards 请代我向你妈妈问好

114.return

A、go back

​ return from 从...返回

​ return to 返回到...

​ He will go back from New York next month 他将会在下个月从纽约返回

​ He will return from New York next month 他将会在下个月从纽约返回

​ She will go back to China next week 下周他将返回到中国

​ She will return to China next week 下周他将返回到中国

B、send back 还、退货

​ I'm going to return the books 我准备还这些书

​ I'm going to send back the book

​ She will return the coat 她准备还这件衣服

C、give in exchange

​ She is only one, but she is clever to return goodbye 她虽然只有一岁，但可以回复别人说的拜拜了

115.fly

fly flew(过去式) flown(过去分词)

fly from 从...飞回

fly to... 飞到...

He will fly from New York next week 下周他将从纽约飞回来

He will fly to China next month 下个月他将飞到中国

116.句子的结构

1、简单句

2、并列句

​ A、结构：

​ 简单句 + and/but/so +简单句

​ He loves me and I am happy 他爱我我很开心

​ He loves me but I am not happy 他爱我但是我不开心

​ He loves me so I am happy 他爱我所以我很开心

​ B、and but so or...

3、复合句

117.nearly every country in the world

全世界几乎每个国家

nearly every city in the China 中国几乎每个城市

nearly every place in Beijing 全北京几乎每个地方

118.plenty 大量

plenty of

A、用于肯定句

B、可接可数名词&不可数名词

​ plenty of time 大量的时间

​ plenty of eggs 大量的鸡蛋

C、谓语动词一直

​ There is plenty of room for everyone 有足够空间容纳每个人room 作不可数名词时，意为“空间、地方”

​ There are plenty of rooms for everyone 有足够多房间给每个人

119.next door to... 隔壁

​ There is a restaurant next door to the park公园的隔壁有家餐馆

​ There is a hospital next door to the school 学校的隔壁有家医院

120.满了几分钟

That o'clock is ten minutes slow 那个表慢了十分钟

My watch is five ten minutes slow 我的表慢了五分钟

...minutes slow 慢了...分钟

...minutes fast 快了...分钟

The clock is six minutes fast 那个钟快了五分钟

121.in+时间段，...之后

in five minutes 5分钟之后

in two days 两天之后

in three years 三年之后

122.情态动词

must\may\can

A、没有人称单复数的变化

​ I can You can He can They can We can

B、+动词原型

​ You can do it

​ He can repair the car

C、疑问，提前

​ Can you repair it?

D、否定 +not

​ You can't repair the car

had better 最好... 用来提建议，但不是很客气

A、 You had better

​ He had better

​ They had better

B、+动词原型

​ You had better give her a way out 你最好给她一条出路

​ You had better ask yourself 你最好问问你自己

C、疑问 had提前

D、had better + not

​ You had better not give her a way out 你最好不要给她一条出路

​ We had better not tell him anything 我们最好不要告诉他任何事情

​ We had better not drive him mad 我们最好不要把他逼疯

123.宾语从句

宾语从句：句子作宾语

I love you

主 谓 宾

I think (that) he is awful 宾语从句

主 谓 宾语

拆分：

​ A、I think 主句(一般现在) & he is awful 从句(任意时态)

​ B、引导词：that

She says (that) he loved her 一般过去 主谓宾

He knows (that) she has gone 现在完成 主谓

He is sorry (that) he will leave 一般将来 主谓

I know (that) he will watch the movie

I know (that) he has watched the movie

I know (that) he usually watches the movie

I know (that) he is watching the movie

宾语从句的功能

I think (that) ...

I believe (that) ...

124.slip

slip v.滑倒

slippers 拖鞋 put on your slippers 穿上你的拖鞋

slip my mind 忘记了（滑出我的大脑） It slips my mind 我给忘记了

slip of the pen 笔误 That was only a slip of the pen 那不过是笔误而已

slip of the tongue 口误

125.write

write -- wrote -- written

I'll write a letter to him

= I'll write to him

write to sb. 写信给某人

126.直接引语&间接引语

He says to me,"I've found my wallet"

​ He tells me that he had found his wallet

She says,"You can sit here,Jim."

​ She tells Jim that he can sit there

127.反意疑问句

A、构成：陈述句+简短一般疑问句

​ It's a nice day ->It's a nice day，isn't it?

B、反：

​ 肯定+否定

​ 否定+肯定

​ It's not a nice day, is it?

C、组织步骤：

​ 动 - 反 - 换

​ Chinese people were hard before, weren't they?

​ Lily is in Tokyo, Isn't she?

​ Lily goes to school on foot,doesn't she?

​ Lily can't speak French, can she? Lily不会说法语，对吗？

128.read sth. to sb. 给某人读某物

Read Jim's card to me，please 请给我读Jim的明信片

He read the letter to his grandpa 他给他爷爷读这封信

128.a member of ... ....的成员

a member of... ...成员

a member of an association 社团的成员

129.pass in + 具体学科

通过学科考试

130.too very enough

too 太... very 非常 enough 足够的

too young, too simple

too to

too + 形容词/副词 + to +do 太......而不能....... 是一个否定结构

The baby is too young to eat by himself

He is too young to drive 他太小了，不能开车

I am too tired to work 我太累了，没法工作

enough

131.spell

How do you spell "..."? ...单词怎么拼读？

132.动词不定时

1、构成：to do

​ want to do 想要去做某时

​ want sb. to do 想要某人做某事

​ tell sb. to do 告诉某人做某事

​ ask sb. to do 询问某人做什么

2、使用：

​ He want to buy a new car 我想买一辆新车

​ I want him to move his car 我想让他移一下他的车

​ tell him to go back right now 告诉他快点回来

3、成分：

​ He wants to buy a new car

​ 主 谓 宾

​ I want him to move his car

​ 主 谓 宾 宾补

4、不定式的否定：

​ want sn. to do don't want sb. to do

​ tell sb. to do don't tell sb. to do不要告诉某人干嘛 tell sb. not to do 告诉某人不要干嘛

​ ask sb. to do don't ask sb. to do ask sb. not to do

​ I don't want him to worry about me 我不想让他担心

​ tell him not to come back 告诉他不要回来了

133.with

A、和...在一起

​ I am with my mom

B、带有、具有

​ a house with a garden

​ a book with a green cover

C、以...方式，用

​ We hear with our ears

​ We see with our eyes

D、对于，至于...

​ What are you going to do with that vase?

​ What's the matter with you?

134.about

A、关于

​ a book about Chinese history

B、...怎么样？

​ What about you?

C、大约

​ She is about 10 year old 她大约有10岁

135.常见缩写

​ want to = wanna

​ thanks = thx

​ kind of = kinda

​ going to = gonna

135.比较级&最高级

old older the oldest

big bigger the biggest

fat fatter the fattest

thin thinner the thinnest

规则

1、以e结尾，直接加r，st；

late later the latest

2、辅+元+辅（汉堡包结构）

双写最后一个辅音字母加er，est

fat fatter the fattest

3、辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，加er，est

happy happier the happiest

比较级的句型结构：

主语 + 谓语（系）+比较级+than...

He is cooler than before 他比以前帅

She is smarter than before 她比以前时尚

He was faster then any other one 他比其他人都快

最高级的句型结构：

主语 + 谓语（系）+the +最高级+范围

It was the biggest rabbit in the world 它是世界上最大的兔子

He is the shortest man in the world 他是世界上最矮的人

It is the busiest day in this month 今天是这个月最忙的一天

He is the tallest of us all 他是我们当中个子最高的

比较级&最高级的有用句型

1、East, west, home is best 金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝

2、Facts speak louder than words 事实胜于雄辩

3、Health is better than wealth 健康高于财富

4、It is better to be the head of dog 宁为鸡头不做凤尾

5、The sauce is better than the fish 喧宾夺主

6、To make the best even better 没有最好只有更好

136.Would you like...

would you like to + v.... 想要做...

would like + sh.... 想要....

Would you like to go to my birthday party?你可以来参加我的晚会？

Yes,I'd love to 嗯，我非常乐意去

Would you like some tea or coffee?您是要点茶还是咖啡？

I'd like tea please

Could you show me another blue dress?

Would you like to show me another blue dress?

137.少、多

少

little(几乎没有) + 不可数名词

a little(有少许) + 不可数明细

比较级less - 最高级 the least

few(几乎没有) + 可数名词

a few(有几个) + 可数名词

比较级 fewer - the fewest

杯子里几乎没有牛奶了

There is little milk in the cup

他几乎不懂几个法语单词

He knows only few words of French

他这里几乎没朋友，感到寂寞

He has few friends here, he feels lonely

多

many 很多+可数名词

much 很多+不可数名词

more（更多） the most（最多的）

他赚的比从前更多了

He makes more money than before

He eats more food than before

138.越来越...

比较级 + and + 比较级

taller and taler 越来越高

fatter and fatter 越来越胖

139.表达需求、提建议的方式

A、Shall I ... ?

​ Shall I have dinner with you?我可以和你一起吃饭吗？

B、Would you like to ...?

​ Would you like to have dinner with me?

C、May I have ... ?

​ May I have dinner with you?

D、Can I ...?

​ Can I have dinner with you?

E、Could you...?

​ Could you please have dinner with me?

Why don't you + v. ...?

Why not + v. ...?

How about...?

What about...?

I was wondering if you would like to... （give me some gifs）我那会一直在想

140、instead

A、adv，次优选择

​ Don't marry her, Marry me instead 不要和她结婚，和我结婚吧

​ Shall we watch a movie instead?咱们能不能改看电影？

​ Shall we use white instead?可以改用白色吗

B、instead of ...+n.\pron（没有）

​ Oops！ I put in sugar instead of salt 啊，我错把糖当盐放了

​ I gave him advice instead of money 我给了他忠告，而不是钱

​ I took your bag instead of mine 我错拿了你的手提包

141、v.+more/less

​ drink more and eat less 多喝水少吃东西

​ Play more and study less 多玩少学习

142.好坏多少

143、afford

afford + n 买得起...

afford to do

I can afford the car

I can afford to buy the car

I can't afford...

I can't afford to do

144、deposit 预付定金

首付： pay a deposit of + 金额

I paid a deposit of fifty thousand to buy this car

You can pay deposit of ... and then ... a month for ... years

你需要付定金...，然后每个月...，还...年

I will buy the car on installments. I need to pay a deposit of eighty thousand and then six thousand a month for three years

我会通过分期付款购买这辆车，我需要首付8万，然后每个月6000元，还3年

145、installment 分期付款

buy sth. on installment 通过分期付款购买

He bought an apartment on installments

146、多音节的比较级&最高级

beautiful more... the most...

expensive more... the most...

important more... the most...

interesting more... the most...

She is more beautiful than before (She is prettier than before)

His hairdo is more fashionable than before 他的发型比从前时尚

The office building in HK are the most expensive

more expensive 更贵

the more expensive 最贵

less expensive 比较不贵(较便宜)

the least expensive 最不贵(最便宜)

This cost is the least expensive one in the shop这件外套是店里最不贵的

This cost is the cheapest one in the shop 这件外套是店里最便宜的

This is a less expensive bag 这个包不那么贵

This is a cheaper bag 这个包比较便宜

147、同级比较

ad + 形容词/副词(原型) + as 一样

not ad + 形容词/副词(原型) + as 不及

as cool ad 一样的帅气

as happy as 一样的开心

an interesting as 一样的有趣

句型结构

A is as ... as B A和B一样...

Mr.Wu is as cool as Mr.Wang

This watch is as expensive as the car 这块手表He那辆汽车一样贵

This book is as interesting as that movie这本书和那部电影一样有趣

A is not as ... as B A不及B...

My car is not as new as your car 我的车不及你的心

A is not as happy as B A不及B开心

A is not as cool as B A不及B帅

A is not as interesting as B A不及B有趣

She is not as fat as before 她不像以前那样胖

She is not as young as before 她不像以前那样年轻

The old lady is uglier than you 那个老太太长得比你还难看

She is not as ugly as you 她没有你难看

You are uglier than she 你比她还难看

148.what + a/an + 名词!

What + a/an + 名词 感叹句
这是英语中最常用的感叹句结构之一。

What a beautiful day!（多美好的一天啊！）
What a shame!（真遗憾！）
What a surprise!（真惊喜！）
What a pity!（真可惜！）

149.change...into

Where can I change my RMB into dollars?

150.coin硬币

nickel = five cents 5 美分

dime = ten cents 10美分

quarter = 25美分

151.except 除...之外(减去)

Everybody is here except Sam 除了Sam，大家都来了（Sam没来）

Besides Sam there are many who wear glasses 除了San，还有很多人戴眼镜 （加法）

152.倒装句

1、构成：肯定 so +...+ 主语

​ 否定 neither +...+ 主语

2、原则：时态一致，人称一致

​ A：I like Lee Hong

​ B：so do I

153.坐飞机

1、国际航班 the international flight

2、国内航班 the domestic flight

3、航班号 the flight number

4、商务舱 the business class

5、经济舱 the economy\tourist class

6、机票 the air\flight tickets

7、登机牌 a boarding check

8、转机 the connecting flight

9、直飞 the non-stop flight

10、托运的行李 the checked baggage

11、随身行李 the carry-on baggage

12、行李领取处 the baggage claim area

13、行李牌 baggage tag

14、行李推车 luggage cart

请给我哪一个枕头&毯子 May I have a pillow&blanket?

您可以把座位升直吗？ Can you put your seat upright?

我可以放下我的座椅吗？ May I reline my seat?

154.knock

knock at... 敲、打

155、invite

invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事

He invited me to have a meal 他邀请我吃了一顿饭

156、不定代词(单数)

any & no的转化

nothing = not anything

什么都没有 = 没有任何事

I did nothing yesterday = I didn't do anything

nobody = not anybody

I met nobody = I didn't meet anybody

nowhere = not anywhere

I went nowhere = I didn't go anywhere

no one = not any

157.out here / in here

158.have something to ...

...点东西

have something to drink 喝点东西

have something to eat 吃点东西

have something to buy 买点东西

have something to read 读点东西

159.There is none left

none 什么也没

There is none 主系表

none + of +n./pron.

None of the student 学生中没有人...

None of us 我们当中没有人...

None of them 他们

left 在这里是adj.

leave left left

160、过去进行时态

A、功能：过去某一时刻、时段正发生的动作

B、结构：主语 + was/were + doing

​ She was doing her homework at 10:00 last night

​ 昨晚十点他正在做作业

​ They were having a date from 7:00-9:00 yesterday

​ 昨晚7点到9点他们在约会

C、疑问形式：was/were 提前

​ She was doing her homework at 10:00 yesterday

​ Was she doing ......

D、否定形式：was/were + not

​ They were having a date from 7:00-9:00 yesterday

​ They were not having a date.....

161、时间状语从句

A、概念：句子做时间状语

​ He was calling his girlfriend at 10:00.

​ He was calling his girlfriend when he was driving

B、引导词 ：

​ when：万能引导词 当....的时候

​ while：多接进行时态 当...的时候

​ as： 一边一边，紧接着发生 当...的时候

​ before：之前

​ after：之后

When you think you know nothing,(从句) 当你认为自己一无所知的时候，

you begin to know something(主句) 你开始懂事了

时间状语从句，主句和从句没有前后关系，引导词后面是从句部分

162.look for / find

look for 寻找 / find 找到 Look for it! Can you find it?

look 看 / see 看见 Look! Can you see it?

listen 听 / hear 听到 Listen! Can you hear it?

163.同位语

A、功能：解释名词

B、结构：名词+名字，名字+名词

我来自中国，一个亚洲古老的国家

I am from China, an ancient country in Asia我来自中国，一个亚洲古老的国家

自我介绍

Hello, I'm Venus, I'm a teacher

I'm from Shan'xi province, I live in Beijing now

Hello, I'm Venus, an English teacher. 你好，我是维纳斯，一个英语老师

I'm from Shan'xi province, a nice place in the west of China. 我来自陕西，中国西部一个特别棒的城市

I live in Beijing, The capital city of China. 我居住在北京，中国的首都

164.both

A、both 代词

​ Both are good 两人都挺好，两个东西都挺好

B、both 副词（动词前，情态后）

​ We both like English 我们两个喜欢英语

​ They can both sing 他们两个人都会唱歌

165.change

A、改变

B、找零的钱

166.洗手间

bathroom 家里的洗手间

restroom 公共厕所

toilet 厕所（英国）、马桶

washroom 洗手间（加拿大）

loo 卫生间（英国）

men's room 男卫生间

ladies' room 女卫生间

flush （the toilet） 冲马桶

167.story 故事

tell a story 讲故事

a true story 一个真实的故事

a love story 一个爱情故事

168.happen 发生

happen to sb. 发生在...身上

It happened to my sister 这件事情发生在我姐姐身上

It happened in Beijing 发生在北京

161.过去完成时

A、功能：过去某一时刻之前完成的动作、状态

B、结构：主语 + had + done

She had done her homework before 10:00 last night昨晚十点之前她做完了她的作业

The rain had already stopped before 8:00 this morning

C、时间状语

​ by the end of... 截止...为止

​ by the end of last year/last week/last moth

​ by the time sb.+动词过去式 解释某人....的时候

​ He had left by the time I arrived

​ The bus had already left by the time I got there 截止我到的时候，公交车已经离开了

D、疑问形式：

​ had 提前

​ He had left by the time I arrived

​ Had he left by the time I arrived?我到的时候他走了没有？

E、否定形式

​ had + not

​ He had left by the time I arrived

​ He had not left by the time I arrived我到的时候，他还没有离开

162.名词 + of + 名词性物主代词，其中之一

a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

a daughter of theirs 他们的一个女儿

a sister of his 他的一个姐姐

163.as quickly as possible

as...as... 像...一样

as...as possible 尽...所能地...

as quickly as possible 尽所能地快

as slowly as possible 尽所能地慢

as warmly as possible 尽所能地热情

as hard as possible 尽所能的努力

凡是as as中间使用副词的，句子一定要有动词出现

Please drive as slowly as possible 请尽量慢点开车

Please greet him as warmly as possible 请尽量热情地给她打招呼

164.叙述两件事情的先后顺序

When did you come to Beijing?

I came to Beijing in 2007

I came to Beijing when I graduated from university in 2007

When did you get married?

I got married in 2009

I got married after we had been together for three years在我们在一起三年后我结婚了

When did you go abroad?

I went abroad the year before last

I went abroad after I had got the offer from Harvard University

165、forget 忘记

forget sth./sb. 忘记某事/忘记某人

forget to do... 忘记要做某事

Don't forget your friends when you become rich当你发财的时候不要忘记朋友

I forget to lock the door 我忘记锁门了

166、serve 照应，服务，接待，提供

We must serve the people heart and soul 我们必须全心全意为人民服务

The waiter is serving another customer 这个服务员正在服务另一个客户

167、定语从句

1、什么是定语？

​ ‘的’（用来修饰名词、代词的词）

2、什么可以作定语？

​ a pretty girl：形容词

​ a diamond ring：名词

​ a book on the shelf 介词短语

3、定语的位置

​ a pretty girl：形容词定语，放在被修饰词前面

​ a diamond ring：名词定语，放在被修饰词前面

​ a book on the shelf 介词定语，放在被修饰词后面

4、什么是定语从句？

​ He is a nice man

​ He is the man who loves my friend 他是爱着我朋友的那个男人

​ She is a female manager

​ She is the manager who served me yesterday她是昨天服务我的那位经理

​ 定语从句：句子作定语

5、定语从句的零部件？

先行词做主语用who，先行词做宾语用whom

He is the man who loves my friend 他是 喜欢我朋友的 那人

I like the beautiful girl who is listening to music我喜欢 正在听音乐的 那个漂亮女孩

The man who wears a dress is Pitt 穿裙子的那位男士就是皮特

God helps the people who help themselves 上帝帮助那些帮助自己的人

犯错误最少的 将军是最好的将军

The general who makes the fewest mistakes is the best general

6、组织定语从句的步骤？

​ 找定语

​ 找先行词（被修饰词）

​ 颠倒顺序

​ 用关系词

能使大多数人幸福的 人 是世界上最幸福的人

People who can make most people happy is the pappiest in the world

你认识 昨天和我一起看电影的 那人吗？

Do you know the man who watched a movie with me yesterday?

我昨天买的包非常好

The bag that I bought yesterday is very nice

你给我的那块手表走时可准了

The watch that you gave me keeps perfect time(保持准确的时间)

7、定语从句的语用功能

What is a present?

A present is something that you give your friend on his or her special day 礼物是你在朋友特殊的日子里送给他的东西。

What is a dentist?

A dentist is someone who can see and protect you teeth 牙医是一个可以看你和保护你牙齿的人

8、关系词的选择

9、句子的理解和识别

He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man 不到长城非好汉

He who laughs last laughs best 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好

He who learns but does not think is lost 学而不思则罔

10、写作应用：用定语从句升级举行